Senior Consultant, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Sparsh Chest Diseases Centre & KD Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Consultant Gastroenterologist, Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2023 Aug;71(8):11-12. doi: 10.59556/japi.71.0269.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. It is known to often coexist with other chronic diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension. Upper endoscopy, esophageal manometry, and impedance-pH monitoring are a few invasive diagnostic options that are reserved for selected GERD patients. Symptom assessment by using questionnaires, such as the frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG), is simple, convenient, noninvasive, and inexpensive. These questionnaires are widely used to facilitate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early diagnosis of GERD and timely management may improve clinical outcomes in patients. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the preferred therapy for GERD. However, evidence indicates that excessive and extended use of PPIs is linked to adverse events. An overview of the diagnosis and management of GERD, as well as an evidence-based overview of the relationship between GERD and asthma, COPD, obesity, DM, and hypertension, is presented in this review. Expert opinions and recommendations for diagnosing GERD using invasive tests and validated questionnaires have also been mentioned.
胃食管反流病（GERD）是最常见的胃肠道（GI）疾病之一。已知它常与其他慢性疾病并存，如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、肥胖、糖尿病（DM）和高血压。上内窥镜检查、食管测压和阻抗-pH 监测是一些有选择的 GERD 患者保留的侵入性诊断选择。使用问卷进行症状评估，如胃食管反流病症状频率量表（FSSG），简单、方便、无创且廉价。这些问卷被广泛用于促进诊断和适当治疗。早期诊断 GERD 和及时管理可能会改善患者的临床结果。质子泵抑制剂（PPIs）是 GERD 的首选治疗方法。然而，有证据表明，PPIs 的过度和长期使用与不良事件有关。本文综述了 GERD 的诊断和管理，以及 GERD 与哮喘、COPD、肥胖、DM 和高血压之间的关系的循证概述。还提到了使用侵入性测试和经过验证的问卷诊断 GERD 的专家意见和建议。
