da Silveira Larissa Haringer Martins, Cataldi Marcio, de Farias William Cossich Marcial
LAMMOC Group, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Biosystems Engineering Graduate Program, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-240, Brazil.
MAR Group, Department of Physics. School of Chemistry. University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
iScience. 2023 Aug 11;26(9):107599. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107599. eCollection 2023 Sep 15.
This study investigated whether variability in air quality, especially related to vehicular emissions, during the COVID-19 pandemic could indicate social distancing. Data from measurements and satellite estimates were used. The study areas were São Paulo, Brazil, and Bologna, Italy. We focused our analysis on NO, a combustion-derived pollutant, because of its availability in surface stations and satellite tracking, and because it has a short atmospheric lifetime. The analyses included graphical, statistical, and wavelet transform-based approaches to understand NO concentrations before and during the pandemic. After confirming the reduction in vehicular emissions during the pandemic, we created normalized indices to assess the social remoteness in 2020 in different locations, with a focus on São Paulo and Bologna. These indices were compared to existing indices based on cell phone mobility. The indices proposed in this study suffered high sensitivity to social distance compared to existing ones and helped to understand the actual application of social distance and contamination rates, considering the various dimensions of the problem.
本研究调查了在新冠疫情期间空气质量的变化，尤其是与车辆排放相关的变化，是否能够表明社交距离。研究使用了测量数据和卫星估算数据。研究区域为巴西的圣保罗和意大利的博洛尼亚。我们将分析重点放在一氧化氮（NO）上，它是一种燃烧产生的污染物，原因在于地面监测站和卫星跟踪可获取其数据，且其大气寿命较短。分析采用了图形法、统计法以及基于小波变换的方法，以了解疫情之前和期间的NO浓度。在确认疫情期间车辆排放减少之后，我们创建了标准化指数来评估2020年不同地点的社交疏远程度，重点关注圣保罗和博洛尼亚。这些指数与基于手机移动性的现有指数进行了比较。与现有指数相比，本研究提出的指数对社交距离具有较高的敏感性，并且考虑到问题的各个方面，有助于理解社交距离的实际应用和污染率。
