Nainggolan Irwana, Sembiring Ardiansyah, Nasution Tulus Ikhsan, Banurea Rahmadhani, Sari Reka Mustika, Rahman Rozyanty, Li Bing, Asrosa Rica, Pasaribu Khatarina Meldawati
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan 20155 Indonesia
Center of Excellent Chitosan and Advance Materials, Universitas Sumatera Utara 20155 Medan Indonesia.
RSC Adv. 2025 Aug 27;15(37):30552-30563. doi: 10.1039/d4ra08451a. eCollection 2025 Aug 22.
Chitosan/reduced graphene oxide/copper oxide (CS/rGO/CuO) films were successfully deposited on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) surface by applying the electrodeposition technique and were utilized in detecting urea concentration using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The current study presents a novel sensitive electrode based on CS/rGO/CuO used to detect urea fertilizer. The characterization of the prepared samples was conducted using FTIR, XRD, and cyclic voltammetry. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that rGO and CuO were successfully dispersed in the CS matrix. The FE-SEM morphology showed a slight agglomeration, which was caused by physical interaction among CS, rGO and CuO. The CS/rGO/CuO-modified SPE had an increased electrochemical performance compared with the CS-modified SPE. Our reported study revealed that the CS/rGO/CuO 0.8%-modified SPE has extremely promising electrochemical performance. The sensing properties of CS/rGO/CuO in various concentrations of urea were studied using CV. In this study, the obtained sensitivity and -square ( ) values were 1.93 × 10 μA μM cm and 0.9599, respectively. In addition, the observed electrocatalytic current had a limit of detection of 0.14 μM and a limit of quantification of 0.49 μM. These results indicate that the CS/rGO/CuO-modified SPE can be used to detect urea concentration, in which the addition of CuO concentration contributes significantly to the sensing properties of the resulting modified electrodes.
通过电沉积技术成功地将壳聚糖/还原氧化石墨烯/氧化铜（CS/rGO/CuO）薄膜沉积在丝网印刷电极（SPE）表面，并利用循环伏安法（CV）检测尿素浓度。当前研究提出了一种基于CS/rGO/CuO的新型灵敏电极用于检测尿素肥料。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和循环伏安法对制备的样品进行表征。FTIR和XRD分析证实rGO和CuO成功分散在CS基质中。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）形态显示有轻微团聚，这是由CS、rGO和CuO之间的物理相互作用引起的。与CS修饰的SPE相比，CS/rGO/CuO修饰的SPE具有更高的电化学性能。我们报道的研究表明，0.8% CS/rGO/CuO修饰的SPE具有极具前景的电化学性能。使用CV研究了CS/rGO/CuO在不同浓度尿素中的传感特性。在本研究中，获得的灵敏度和R平方（R²）值分别为1.93×10 μA/μM·cm²和0.9599。此外，观察到的电催化电流的检测限为0.14 μM，定量限为0.49 μM。这些结果表明，CS/rGO/CuO修饰的SPE可用于检测尿素浓度，其中CuO浓度的添加对所得修饰电极的传感特性有显著贡献。
