da Silva Gisele Goulart, Braga Lucia Elaine de Oliveira, de Oliveira Ellen Cristina Souza, de Carvalho João Ernesto, Lazarini Josy Goldoni, Rosalen Pedro Luiz, Dionísio Ana Paula, Ruiz Ana Lucia Tasca Gois
Piracicaba Dental School, Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, SP, Brazil.
Institute of Biology, Cellular and Structural Biology Graduate Program, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-865, SP, Brazil.
Foods. 2023 Sep 4;12(17):3318. doi: 10.3390/foods12173318.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Several studies relate eating habits to different aspects of IBD, such as progression and worsening of the clinical condition. Therefore, many natural products (NPs) such as polyphenols and carotenoids have been identified as promising agents in supporting IBD. An interesting source for obtaining bioactive NPs is the by-products of the food industry. The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of a standardized extract (CAE) obtained from cashew apple bagasse in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis model in mice. This was the first time that CAE had been evaluated in this experimental model. Chemical evaluation of CAE identified carotenoids (96.28 ± 0.15 mg/100 g), phenolic compounds (37.49 ± 0.64 mg/100 g), and a mixture of anacardic acids (C15:3 = 94.2 ± 0.6 mg/100 g; C15:2 = 108.4 ± 0.1 mg/100 g; C15:1 = 214.8 ± 0.2 mg/100 g). Administration of CAE (500 mg/kg, 4 days, p.o.) after DSS challenge was more effective in delaying disease progression compared with prior treatment (500 mg/kg, 30 days, p.o.), according to the disease activity index. However, no treatment strategy with CAE was able to prevent or inhibit disease progression, since all parameters evaluated (macroscopic, biochemical, and histopathological) in CAE-treated animals were similar to those observed in DSS-challenged animals. Despite the high dose (500 mg/kg), the standardized extract (CAE) did not result in an effective concentration of carotenoids. Furthermore, as some anacardic acids have been reported as histone acetyltransferases inhibitors, there could be a possible antagonistic relationship between carotenoids and anacardic acids. Complementary research will be necessary to test the hypothesis of antagonism. Thus, an optimized extract, with an even higher concentration of carotenoids, obtained from cashew apple bagasse, can be developed as a possible adjuvant food supplement for inflammatory bowel diseases.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎。多项研究将饮食习惯与IBD的不同方面联系起来，比如临床病情的进展和恶化。因此，许多天然产物（NPs），如多酚和类胡萝卜素，已被确定为支持IBD的有前景的药物。食品工业的副产品是获取生物活性NPs的一个有趣来源。本研究评估了从腰果苹果渣中获得的标准化提取物（CAE）在葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型中的潜在有益作用。这是首次在该实验模型中评估CAE。对CAE的化学评估确定了类胡萝卜素（96.28±0.15毫克/100克）、酚类化合物（37.49±0.64毫克/100克）以及漆树酸混合物（C15:3 = 94.2±0.6毫克/100克；C15:2 = 108.4±0.1毫克/100克；C15:1 = 214.8±0.2毫克/100克）。根据疾病活动指数，在DSS攻击后给予CAE（500毫克/千克，口服，4天）与预先治疗（500毫克/千克，口服，30天）相比，在延缓疾病进展方面更有效。然而，没有一种使用CAE的治疗策略能够预防或抑制疾病进展，因为在CAE治疗的动物中评估的所有参数（宏观、生化和组织病理学）与在DSS攻击的动物中观察到的相似。尽管剂量很高（500毫克/千克），标准化提取物（CAE）并未产生有效的类胡萝卜素浓度。此外，由于一些漆树酸已被报道为组蛋白乙酰转移酶抑制剂，类胡萝卜素和漆树酸之间可能存在拮抗关系。需要进行补充研究来验证拮抗假说。因此，从腰果苹果渣中获得的、类胡萝卜素浓度更高的优化提取物可开发为炎症性肠病的一种可能的辅助食品补充剂。
