He Xueqing, Batáry Péter, Zou Yi, Zhou Wenwu, Wang Guanghua, Liu Zhanyu, Bai Yaoyu, Gong Shanxing, Zhu Zengrong, Settele Josef, Zhang Zhongxue, Qi Zhijuan, Peng Zhaopu, Ma Mingyong, Lv Jin, Cen Haiyan, Wanger Thomas Cherico
Sustainable Agricultural Systems & Engineering Laboratory, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
ChinaRiceNetwork.org, Hangzhou, China.
Nat Food. 2023 Sep;4(9):788-796. doi: 10.1038/s43016-023-00836-4. Epub 2023 Sep 11.
Rice is a staple food for half of the human population, but the effects of diversification on yields, economy, biodiversity and ecosystem services have not been synthesized. Here we quantify diversification effects on environmental and socio-economic aspects of global rice production. We performed a second-order meta-analysis based on 25 first-order meta-analyses covering four decades of research, showing that diversification can maintain soil fertility, nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and yield. We used three individual first-order meta-analyses based on 39 articles to close major research gaps on the effects of diversification on economy, biodiversity and pest control, showing that agricultural diversification can increase biodiversity by 40%, improve economy by 26% and reduce crop damage by 31%. Trade-off analysis showed that agricultural diversification in rice production promotes win-win scenarios between yield and other ecosystem services in 81% of all cases. Knowledge gaps remain in understanding the spatial and temporal effects of specific diversification practices and trade-offs.
水稻是全球一半人口的主食，但多样化种植对产量、经济、生物多样性和生态系统服务的影响尚未得到综合研究。在此，我们对全球水稻生产在环境和社会经济方面的多样化影响进行了量化。我们基于涵盖40年研究的25项一阶荟萃分析进行了二阶荟萃分析，结果表明多样化种植能够维持土壤肥力、养分循环、碳固存以及产量。我们基于39篇文章进行了三项单独的一阶荟萃分析，以填补多样化种植对经济、生物多样性和病虫害防治影响方面的主要研究空白，结果表明农业多样化种植可使生物多样性增加40%，经济改善26%，作物损害减少31%。权衡分析表明，在81%的情况下，水稻生产中的农业多样化种植促进了产量与其他生态系统服务之间的双赢局面。在理解特定多样化种植方式的时空影响和权衡方面仍存在知识空白。
