Setia Aseem, Mehata Abhishesh Kumar, Priya Vishnu, Pawde Datta Maroti, Jain Dharmendra, Mahto Sanjeev Kumar, Muthu Madaswamy S
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra 425405, India.
Mol Pharm. 2023 Oct 2;20(10):4922-4941. doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00582. Epub 2023 Sep 12.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) refer to a collection of conditions characterized by abnormalities in the cardiovascular system. They are a global problem and one of the leading causes of mortality and disability. Nanotheranostics implies to the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities inside a single nanoscale platform that has allowed for significant advancement in cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy. These advancements are being developed to improve imaging capabilities, introduce personalized therapies, and boost cardiovascular disease patient treatment outcomes. Significant progress has been achieved in the integration of imaging and therapeutic capabilities within nanocarriers. In the case of cardiovascular disease, nanoparticles provide targeted delivery of therapeutics, genetic material, photothermal, and imaging agents. Directing and monitoring the movement of these therapeutic nanoparticles may be done with pinpoint accuracy by using imaging modalities such as cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), photoacoustic/ultrasound, and fluorescence imaging. Recently, there has been an increasing demand of noninvasive for multimodal nanotheranostic platforms. In these platforms, various imaging technologies such as optical and magnetic resonance are integrated into a single nanoparticle. This platform helps in acquiring more accurate descriptions of cardiovascular diseases and provides clues for accurate diagnosis. Advances in surface functionalization methods have strengthened the potential application of nanotheranostics in cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy. In this Review, we have covered the potential impact of nanomedicine on CVDs. Additionally, we have discussed the recently developed various nanoparticles for CVDs imaging. Moreover, advancements in the CMR, CT, PET, ultrasound, and photoacoustic imaging for the CVDs have been discussed. We have limited our discussion to nanomaterials based clinical trials for CVDs and their patents.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是指以心血管系统异常为特征的一系列病症。它们是一个全球性问题，也是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。纳米诊疗学意味着在单个纳米级平台内结合诊断和治疗能力，这使得心血管疾病的诊断和治疗取得了重大进展。这些进展旨在提高成像能力、引入个性化治疗并改善心血管疾病患者的治疗效果。在纳米载体中整合成像和治疗能力方面已经取得了重大进展。对于心血管疾病，纳米颗粒可实现治疗药物、遗传物质、光热剂和成像剂的靶向递送。通过使用心血管磁共振（CMR）、计算机断层扫描（CT）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）、光声/超声和荧光成像等成像方式，可以精确地指导和监测这些治疗性纳米颗粒的运动。最近，对非侵入性多模态纳米诊疗平台的需求不断增加。在这些平台中，光学和磁共振等各种成像技术被整合到单个纳米颗粒中。该平台有助于更准确地描述心血管疾病，并为准确诊断提供线索。表面功能化方法的进展增强了纳米诊疗学在心血管疾病诊断和治疗中的潜在应用。在本综述中，我们涵盖了纳米医学对心血管疾病的潜在影响。此外，我们讨论了最近开发的用于心血管疾病成像的各种纳米颗粒。此外，还讨论了用于心血管疾病的CMR、CT、PET、超声和光声成像的进展。我们将讨论限于基于纳米材料的心血管疾病临床试验及其专利。
