Murar Madhura, Albertazzi Lorenzo, Pujals Silvia
Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jan 26;12(3):399. doi: 10.3390/nano12030399.
Nanomedicine involves the use of nanotechnology for clinical applications and holds promise to improve treatments. Recent developments offer new hope for cancer detection, prevention and treatment; however, being a heterogenous disorder, cancer calls for a more targeted treatment approach. Personalized Medicine (PM) aims to revolutionize cancer therapy by matching the most effective treatment to individual patients. Nanotheranostics comprise a combination of therapy and diagnostic imaging incorporated in a nanosystem and are developed to fulfill the promise of PM by helping in the selection of treatments, the objective monitoring of response and the planning of follow-up therapy. Although well-established imaging techniques, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), are primarily used in the development of theranostics, Optical Imaging (OI) offers some advantages, such as high sensitivity, spatial and temporal resolution and less invasiveness. Additionally, it allows for multiplexing, using multi-color imaging and DNA barcoding, which further aids in the development of personalized treatments. Recent advances have also given rise to techniques permitting better penetration, opening new doors for OI-guided nanotheranostics. In this review, we describe in detail these recent advances that may be used to design and develop efficient and specific nanotheranostics for personalized cancer drug delivery.
纳米医学涉及将纳米技术应用于临床，有望改善治疗效果。最近的进展为癌症的检测、预防和治疗带来了新希望；然而，癌症作为一种异质性疾病，需要更具针对性的治疗方法。个性化医疗旨在通过为个体患者匹配最有效的治疗方法来彻底改变癌症治疗方式。纳米诊疗学是将治疗与诊断成像结合在一个纳米系统中的技术，旨在通过帮助选择治疗方法、客观监测治疗反应以及规划后续治疗来实现个性化医疗的前景。尽管诸如磁共振成像（MRI）、计算机断层扫描（CT）、正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）等成熟的成像技术主要用于诊疗学的开发，但光学成像（OI）具有一些优势，如高灵敏度、空间和时间分辨率以及较低的侵入性。此外，它还允许使用多色成像和DNA条形码进行多路复用，这进一步有助于个性化治疗的开发。最近的进展还催生了能够实现更好穿透性的技术，为光学成像引导的纳米诊疗学打开了新的大门。在这篇综述中，我们详细描述了这些最近的进展，它们可用于设计和开发用于个性化癌症药物递送的高效且特异的纳米诊疗学。
