Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
PLoS One. 2023 Sep 14;18(9):e0288397. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288397. eCollection 2023.
Ecosystem services are an important aspect of grasslands utilization; however, they are often contradictory to their main purpose, which is a production of good quality and safe feed. In this study, we evaluated the difference between grass monocultures and species-rich mixtures in terms of epiphytic microflora and mycotoxin contamination levels. We hypothesized that higher species diversity would lead to higher microbial counts, which could lead to higher mycotoxin contamination risk. Differences in epiphytic fungal, yeast and total amount of microorganisms (CFU g -1) depending on the species diversity in the field has been evaluated by cultivation method. Concentration of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was measured by ELISA. Results are suggesting that higher total amount of microorganisms were found in monocultures, however, fungal and yeast counts were higher in species-rich mixtures. Higher species diversity of grasses was related to higher total microbial count (TMC) and yeast colonization of phyllosphere. Our results suggest higher risk of fungal phyllosphere colonization of species-rich mixtures with higher biodiversity and therefore higher risk of mycotoxin contamination of such feed.
生态系统服务是草原利用的一个重要方面；然而，它们通常与草原的主要用途（生产优质、安全的饲料）相矛盾。在这项研究中，我们评估了单一种群草地和物种丰富的混合草地在附生微生物区系和霉菌毒素污染水平方面的差异。我们假设，较高的物种多样性将导致较高的微生物数量，从而增加霉菌毒素污染的风险。通过培养方法评估了田间物种多样性对附生真菌、酵母和微生物总量（CFU g-1）的影响。通过 ELISA 法测定脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）的浓度。结果表明，单一种群中发现的微生物总量较高，但物种丰富的混合群体中真菌和酵母的数量较高。禾本科植物较高的物种多样性与较高的总微生物计数（TMC）和叶际酵母定殖有关。我们的结果表明，具有较高生物多样性的物种丰富的混合物中真菌叶际定殖的风险更高，因此此类饲料霉菌毒素污染的风险也更高。
