瑞典父母对疫苗的看法以及护士在提高疫苗接种率方面的关键作用——一项焦点小组研究。
Parental views and the key role of nurses for high vaccine acceptance in Sweden - a focus group study.
机构信息
Department of Public Health Analysis and Data Management, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2023 Sep 14;23(1):1786. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16678-5.
BACKGROUND
In Sweden, vaccine uptake is exceptionally high due to an efficient child immunization program. More than 97% of Swedish children were vaccinated at child health care centers (CHCs) according to the schedule at 2 years of age in 2021. From the age of 6 years, vaccinations are given within the school health care. Maintaining high vaccination coverage over time is one of the central motives to explore and understand drivers for vaccine acceptance. The current study aimed to assess parental vaccine acceptance concerning the national immunization program and explore factors contributing to the high vaccine acceptance in Sweden.
METHODS
Parents of children aged 1-2 years and 8-12 years were recruited through purposive sampling and asked to participate in focus groups held in three cities in Sweden, in February and March 2019. In total, 47 parents participated in two focus groups per city, one session for parents of younger (1-2 years) and older (8-12 years) children respectively. The focus group discussions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
Parents of children aged 1-2 years expressed the themes; strong compliance to and protection of the value of vaccinations; parents feel safe with an attentive relationship with their nurse; the spectrum of communication needs is essential to meet. For parents to children aged 8-12 years, the themes expressed were; vaccinate to do good for the individual and society; a foundation of trust is built at CHCs for decisions later on; decisions for vaccination become more complex as children get older; communication changes as children get older and need to be explicit and tailored to the situation.
CONCLUSION
Both individual and societal perspectives were shown to influence the vaccination decision for childhood immunizations, as manifested in parental reflections and experiences. As nurses have a key role, it is important to provide them with continued support and tools to facilitate their support for parents in making informed decisions. Continuous work for supporting driving factors for vaccination over time is needed to maintain high vaccine acceptance in Sweden.
背景
在瑞典，由于高效的儿童免疫计划，疫苗接种率异常高。2021 年，97%以上的瑞典儿童在 2 岁时按照计划在儿童保健中心（CHC）接种疫苗。6 岁以后，疫苗接种在学校保健中进行。随着时间的推移，保持高疫苗接种率是探索和理解疫苗接种接受度驱动因素的核心动机之一。本研究旨在评估父母对国家免疫计划的疫苗接种接受度，并探讨促成瑞典高疫苗接种接受度的因素。
方法
通过目的性抽样招募 1-2 岁和 8-12 岁儿童的父母，并邀请他们参加 2019 年 2 月至 3 月在瑞典三个城市举行的焦点小组讨论。共有 47 名父母参加了每个城市的两个焦点小组，一个小组讨论是为年龄较小（1-2 岁）的孩子的父母准备的，另一个小组讨论是为年龄较大（8-12 岁）的孩子的父母准备的。使用定性内容分析法分析焦点小组讨论。
结果
1-2 岁儿童的父母表达了以下主题：强烈遵守和保护疫苗接种的价值观；父母对与护士的关注关系感到安全；满足沟通需求的范围至关重要。对于 8-12 岁儿童的父母，表达的主题包括：为个人和社会利益接种疫苗；在 CHC 建立信任基础，以便日后做出决策；随着孩子年龄的增长，接种疫苗的决策变得更加复杂；随着孩子年龄的增长，沟通方式发生变化，需要明确并针对具体情况进行调整。
结论
个体和社会观点都对儿童免疫接种的疫苗接种决策产生影响，这体现在父母的反思和经验中。由于护士起着关键作用，因此为他们提供持续的支持和工具以帮助他们为父母做出明智的决策非常重要。需要持续努力支持推动疫苗接种的因素，以维持瑞典的高疫苗接种接受度。
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