Pakistan Health Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
World Health Organization, Pakistan Country Office, Islamabad, Pakistan.
East Mediterr Health J. 2018 Apr 5;24(1):33-41.
Pakistan lacks data on the prevalence of risk factors for common noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs among a population-based sample in Punjab and Sindh provinces, Pakistan.
This study was conducted in 2013-2014. The NCD risk factors examined were: current daily smoking, eating fewer than 5 servings of fruits/vegetable a day, low physical activity, overweight and obesity. A total of 7 710 households were selected and 1 adult was enrolled from each household. Data were collected using the WHO STEPS instrument (Step 1 and 2), and analysed according to the STEPS statistical plan.
The prevalence of tobacco use was 19.7%. The majority of the respondents (96.5%) consumed fewer than 5 servings of fruits/vegetables a day, 41.5% had a low level of physical activity, 26.3% were overweight and 14.9% were obese. The prevalence of stage I and stage II hypertension, including those on medication, was 37% and 15.9% respectively. The prevalence of NCD risk factors differed significantly by sex and occupation (P = 0.0001) but not by age group (P = 0.118), level of education (P = 0.668) and province (P = 0.056). Only 0.6% of the sample had none of the 5 NCD risk factors while 40% had 3-5.
The high prevalence of NCD risk factors in Punjab and Sindh provinces is of concern. Urgent public health interventions are needed to reduce them, especially in youth and young adults.
巴基斯坦缺乏常见非传染性疾病（NCD）风险因素流行情况的数据。
本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦旁遮普省和信德省人群中 NCD 风险因素的流行情况。
本研究于 2013-2014 年进行。检查的 NCD 风险因素包括：当前每日吸烟、每天食用少于 5 份水果/蔬菜、身体活动水平低、超重和肥胖。共选择了 7710 户家庭，每户家庭招募 1 名成年人。数据收集使用世界卫生组织 STEPS 工具（步骤 1 和 2），并根据 STEPS 统计计划进行分析。
吸烟率为 19.7%。大多数受访者（96.5%）每天食用少于 5 份水果/蔬菜，41.5%身体活动水平低，26.3%超重，14.9%肥胖。I 期和 II 期高血压（包括正在服药者）的患病率分别为 37%和 15.9%。NCD 风险因素的患病率在性别和职业方面差异显著（P=0.0001），但在年龄组（P=0.118）、教育程度（P=0.668）和省份（P=0.056）方面无差异。仅有 0.6%的样本没有 5 个 NCD 风险因素，而 40%的样本有 3-5 个。
旁遮普省和信德省 NCD 风险因素的高患病率令人担忧。需要紧急采取公共卫生干预措施来降低这些风险因素，尤其是在青年和年轻成年人中。
