Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Abode Biotec India Private Limited, Hyderbad, Telangana, India.
Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2023 Nov;192:25-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.011. Epub 2023 Sep 20.
The use of nanotechnology strategies is a current hot topic, and research in this field has been growing significantly in the cosmetics industry. Inorganic nanoparticles stand out in this context for their distinctive physicochemical properties, leading in particular to an increased refractive index and absorption capacity giving them a broad potential for cutaneous applications and making them of special interest in research for dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes. This performance is responsible for its heavy inclusion in the manufacture of skin health products such as sunscreens, lotions, beauty creams, skin ointments, makeup, and others. In particular, their suitable bandgap energy characteristics allow them to be used as photocatalytic semiconductors. They provide excellent UV absorption, commonly known as UV filters, and are responsible for their wide worldwide use in sunscreen formulations without the undesirable white residue after consumer application. In addition, cosmetics based on inorganic nanoparticles have several additional characteristics relevant to formulation development, such as being less expensive compared to other nanomaterials, having greater stability, and ensuring less irritation, itching, and propensity for skin allergies. This review will address in detail the main inorganic nanoparticles used in dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic products, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, silver, gold, copper, and aluminum nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and quantum dots, reporting their physicochemical characteristics, but also their additional intrinsic properties that contribute to their use in this type of formulations. Safety issues regarding inorganic nanoparticles, based on toxicity studies, both to humans and the environment, as well as regulatory affairs associated with their use in dermopharmaceuticals and cosmetics, will be addressed.
纳米技术策略的应用是当前的热门话题，该领域的研究在化妆品行业中得到了显著增长。在这方面，无机纳米粒子因其独特的物理化学性质而脱颖而出，特别是折射率和吸收能力的提高，使它们在皮肤应用方面具有广泛的潜力，并使其在皮肤药物和化妆品研究方面具有特殊的研究兴趣。这种性能使其大量包含在皮肤健康产品的制造中，如防晒霜、乳液、美容霜、软膏、化妆品等。特别是，其合适的能带隙能量特性使它们可以用作光催化半导体。它们提供了极好的紫外线吸收，通常被称为紫外线过滤器，并且由于其在防晒霜配方中的广泛使用，在消费者使用后不会产生不良的白色残留物。此外，基于无机纳米粒子的化妆品具有一些与制剂开发相关的其他特性，例如与其他纳米材料相比成本更低、稳定性更高、确保更少的刺激、瘙痒和皮肤过敏倾向。本综述将详细介绍在皮肤药物和化妆品产品中使用的主要无机纳米粒子，如二氧化钛、氧化锌、二氧化硅、银、金、铜和铝纳米粒子、纳米晶体和量子点，报告其物理化学特性，但也报告其内在的附加特性，这些特性有助于它们在这种类型的制剂中的使用。将涉及基于毒性研究的无机纳米粒子的安全问题，包括对人类和环境的毒性，以及与皮肤药物和化妆品中使用相关的监管事务。
