Amlaev K R, Mazharov V N
Stavropol State Medical University, 355017, Stavropol, Russia,
Stavropol State Medical University, 355017, Stavropol, Russia.
Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med. 2023 Aug;31(Special Issue 1):917-922. doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-s1-917-922.
The article is a description of the problems and reforms of the healthcare systems of Greece, Bulgaria, Spain. The range of existing problems includes the imperfection of management and financing of healthcare in these countries, which leads to a high level of co-financing of medical care by the population itself, a shortage of medical personnel and their uneven distribution within countries, the predominance of inpatient medical services, reduced availability (waiting time for medical care). In addition, Greece and Bulgaria have a high prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases with weak or no screening programs. The countries listed above are implementing a number of reforms related to the management and financing of healthcare, and the availability of medical care. However, significant results of reform, with the exception of Spain, are not observed in these countries, including due to the lack of political agreement on the implementation of the necessary reforms.
这篇文章描述了希腊、保加利亚和西班牙医疗体系存在的问题及改革情况。现存问题包括这些国家医疗保健管理和融资不完善，这导致民众自身承担高额医疗费用，医疗人员短缺且在国内分布不均，住院医疗服务占主导，医疗可及性降低（等待医疗服务的时间）。此外，希腊和保加利亚非传染性疾病风险因素的患病率很高，但筛查项目薄弱或根本没有。上述国家正在实施一系列与医疗保健管理、融资及医疗可及性相关的改革。然而，除西班牙外，这些国家并未看到改革取得显著成效，包括由于在实施必要改革方面缺乏政治共识。
