Shook Paige L, Singh Mahipal, Singh Krishna
Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Sep 20;12(9):1258. doi: 10.3390/biology12091258.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. One of the most common implications of CVD is myocardial infarction (MI). Following MI, the repair of the infarcted heart occurs through three distinct, yet overlapping phases of inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Macrophages are essential to the resolution of the inflammatory phase due to their role in phagocytosis and efferocytosis. However, excessive and long-term macrophage accumulation at the area of injury and dysregulated function can induce adverse cardiac remodeling post-MI. Ubiquitin (UB) is a highly evolutionarily conserved small protein and is a normal constituent of plasma. Levels of UB are increased in the plasma during a variety of pathological conditions, including ischemic heart disease. Treatment of mice with UB associates with decreased inflammatory response and improved heart function following ischemia/reperfusion injury. This review summarizes the role of macrophages in the infarct healing process of the heart post-MI, and discusses the role of exogenous UB in myocardial remodeling post-MI and in the modulation of macrophage phenotype and function.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球主要死因之一。CVD最常见的后果之一是心肌梗死（MI）。MI后，梗死心脏的修复通过炎症、增殖和成熟三个不同但相互重叠的阶段进行。巨噬细胞因其在吞噬作用和胞葬作用中的作用，对炎症阶段的消退至关重要。然而，巨噬细胞在损伤区域过度且长期积累以及功能失调会导致MI后不良心脏重塑。泛素（UB）是一种高度进化保守的小蛋白，是血浆的正常成分。在包括缺血性心脏病在内的各种病理状态下，血浆中UB水平会升高。用UB治疗小鼠与缺血/再灌注损伤后炎症反应降低和心脏功能改善有关。本综述总结了巨噬细胞在MI后心脏梗死愈合过程中的作用，并讨论了外源性UB在MI后心肌重塑以及巨噬细胞表型和功能调节中的作用。
