Mészáros Balázs, Kukor Zoltán, Valent Sándor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, Hungary.
J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 17;12(18):6020. doi: 10.3390/jcm12186020.
Throughout the history of medicine, preeclampsia has remained an enigmatic field of obstetrics. In 2023, despite its prevalence and impact, preeclampsia's exact cause and effective treatment remain elusive; the current options are limited to delivery. The purpose of this review is to summarize the knowledge of the possible novel prophylactic therapies and screening methods for preeclampsia, thereby providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals and researchers. Aspirin and LMWH have already been widely used; meanwhile, calcium, vitamin D, and pravastatin show promise, and endothelin receptor antagonists are being explored. Stress reduction, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications are also being investigated. Another interesting and fast-growing area is AI- and software-based screening methods. It is also key to find novel biomarkers, which, in some cases, are not only able to predict the development of the disease, but some of them hold promise to be a potential therapeutic target. We conclude that, while a definitive cure for preeclampsia may not be eligible in the near future, it is likely that the assessment and enhancement of preventive methods will lead to the prevention of many cases. However, it is also important to highlight that more additional research is needed in the future to clarify the exact pathophysiology of preeclampsia and to thus identify potential therapeutic targets for more improved treatment methods.
在医学史上，子痫前期一直是产科学中一个神秘的领域。2023年，尽管子痫前期普遍存在且影响重大，但其确切病因和有效治疗方法仍不明确；目前的选择仅限于分娩。本综述的目的是总结子痫前期可能的新型预防疗法和筛查方法的相关知识，从而为医疗保健专业人员和研究人员提供有价值的见解。阿司匹林和低分子肝素已经被广泛使用；同时，钙、维生素D和普伐他汀显示出前景，内皮素受体拮抗剂也正在被探索。减轻压力、饮食改变和生活方式调整也在研究中。另一个有趣且快速发展的领域是基于人工智能和软件的筛查方法。找到新的生物标志物也很关键，在某些情况下，这些生物标志物不仅能够预测疾病的发展，而且其中一些有望成为潜在的治疗靶点。我们得出结论，虽然子痫前期在近期可能无法找到确切的治愈方法，但对预防方法的评估和改进可能会预防许多病例。然而，同样重要的是要强调，未来还需要更多的研究来阐明子痫前期的确切病理生理学，从而确定更完善治疗方法的潜在治疗靶点。
