Ganeson Keisheni, Tan Xue May Cindy, Abdullah Amirul Al Ashraf, Ramakrishna Seeram, Vigneswari Sevakumaran
Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnolgy (ICAMB), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Sep 20;15(9):2356. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092356.
Conventional biomaterial is frequently used in the biomedical sector for various therapies, imaging, treatment, and theranostic functions. However, their properties are fixed to meet certain applications. Smart materials respond in a controllable and reversible way, modifying some of their properties because of external stimuli. However, protein-based smart materials allow modular protein domains with different functionalities and responsive behaviours to be easily combined. Wherein, these "smart" behaviours can be tuned by amino acid identity and sequence. This review aims to give an insight into the design of smart materials, mainly protein-based piezoelectric materials, shape-memory materials, and hydrogels, as well as highlight the current progress and challenges of protein-based smart materials in tissue engineering. These materials have demonstrated outstanding regeneration of neural, skin, cartilage, bone, and cardiac tissues with great stimuli-responsive properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biofunctionality.
传统生物材料在生物医学领域经常用于各种治疗、成像、治疗以及诊疗功能。然而，它们的特性是固定的，以满足特定应用。智能材料以可控且可逆的方式响应，由于外部刺激而改变其一些特性。然而，基于蛋白质的智能材料允许具有不同功能和响应行为的模块化蛋白质结构域轻松组合。其中，这些“智能”行为可以通过氨基酸种类和序列进行调节。本综述旨在深入了解智能材料的设计，主要是基于蛋白质的压电材料、形状记忆材料和水凝胶，并突出基于蛋白质的智能材料在组织工程中的当前进展和挑战。这些材料已在神经、皮肤、软骨、骨骼和心脏组织的再生方面表现出色，具有良好的刺激响应特性、生物相容性、生物可降解性和生物功能性。
