Jingcheng Li, Reddy Vundrala Sumedha, Jayathilaka W A D M, Chinnappan Amutha, Ramakrishna Seeram, Ghosh Rituparna
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Apr 28;13(9):1427. doi: 10.3390/polym13091427.
Intelligent materials, also known as smart materials, are capable of reacting to various external stimuli or environmental changes by rearranging their structure at a molecular level and adapting functionality accordingly. The initial concept of the intelligence of a material originated from the natural biological system, following the sensing-reacting-learning mechanism. The dynamic and adaptive nature, along with the immediate responsiveness, of the polymer- and fiber-based smart materials have increased their global demand in both academia and industry. In this manuscript, the most recent progress in smart materials with various features is reviewed with a focus on their applications in diverse fields. Moreover, their performance and working mechanisms, based on different physical, chemical and biological stimuli, such as temperature, electric and magnetic field, deformation, pH and enzymes, are summarized. Finally, the study is concluded by highlighting the existing challenges and future opportunities in the field of intelligent materials.
智能材料，也被称为机敏材料，能够通过在分子水平上重新排列其结构并相应地调整功能，对各种外部刺激或环境变化做出反应。材料智能的最初概念源于自然生物系统，遵循传感 - 反应 - 学习机制。基于聚合物和纤维的智能材料的动态适应性以及即时响应性，增加了它们在学术界和工业界的全球需求。在本手稿中，回顾了具有各种特性的智能材料的最新进展，重点是它们在不同领域的应用。此外，总结了它们基于不同物理、化学和生物刺激（如温度、电场和磁场、变形、pH值和酶）的性能和工作机制。最后，通过强调智能材料领域现有的挑战和未来机遇来结束本研究。
