Hidayat Mumtaz Maulana, Agustiningsih Denny, Sabirin Rahmaningsih Mara, Wibowo Rakhmat Ari
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Sep 20;10:1158893. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1158893. eCollection 2023.
Global burden of hypertension among young people continues to increase. There have been many studies examining the effect of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure, many of them didn't consider interdependence between them. Conflicting results of health-related fitness, particularly handgrip strength, as intermediate outcomes of muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure also emerged. This research will carry out a mediation-moderation analysis to find out the relationship between muscle strengthening physical activity and blood pressure among young adults by considering health-related fitness and 24-hour movement behavior.
A cross-sectional study among 221 Indonesian young adults attending a physical activity intervention collected participant's muscle-strengthening physical activity, and 24 h movement behavior, including aerobic physical activity, sedentary and sleep behavior, and mental well-being using validated questionnaires. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using Process Macro model 10 on SPSS 25 to investigate the association of muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure, with gender and blood pressure as moderator, mediators consist of handgrip strength, muscle mass percentage and cardiorespiratory fitness. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on participant's cardiorespiratory fitness level.
Volume of muscle-strengthening physical activities in a week have a direct association with systolic blood pressure among prehypertensive male with an effect of 0,00989359 (95% CI 0,0046488 to 0,00336478). Considering its volume as mediator, the frequency of muscle-strengthening physical activity contributed to a significant direct effect on diastolic blood pressure in both genders, but the duration of MSPA has a significant direct effect on systolic blood pressure in male subjects. There is no component of physical fitness that provides a significant mediating effect. After a subgroup analysis, the relationship between MSPA Volume and blood pressure is not significant for individuals with a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness.
This study shows that increased participation in muscle strengthening physical activity, especially in subject with low cardiorespiratory fitness, could increase blood pressure in prehypertensive young adult male population without mediation by physical fitness. Further research is needed to investigate other mechanisms that influence this relationship.
年轻人中高血压的全球负担持续增加。已有许多研究探讨有氧运动和肌肉强化身体活动对血压的影响，但其中许多研究未考虑它们之间的相互依存关系。关于与健康相关的体能，特别是握力，作为肌肉强化身体活动对血压的中间结果，也出现了相互矛盾的结果。本研究将进行中介 - 调节分析，通过考虑与健康相关的体能和24小时运动行为，找出年轻成年人中肌肉强化身体活动与血压之间的关系。
对221名参加身体活动干预的印度尼西亚年轻成年人进行横断面研究，使用经过验证的问卷收集参与者的肌肉强化身体活动、24小时运动行为，包括有氧运动、久坐行为和睡眠行为以及心理健康状况。使用SPSS 25上的Process Macro模型10进行中介和调节分析，以研究肌肉强化身体活动与血压之间的关联，以性别和血压作为调节因素，中介因素包括握力、肌肉质量百分比和心肺适能。根据参与者的心肺适能水平进行亚组分析。
在血压正常高值男性中，一周内肌肉强化身体活动的量与收缩压有直接关联，效应值为0.00989359（95%置信区间0.0046488至0.00336478）。将其运动量作为中介因素考虑，肌肉强化身体活动的频率对两性舒张压有显著直接影响，但肌肉强化身体活动的持续时间对男性受试者的收缩压有显著直接影响。没有体能成分提供显著的中介作用。经过亚组分析，对于心肺适能水平高的个体，肌肉强化身体活动量与血压之间的关系不显著。
本研究表明，增加肌肉强化身体活动的参与度，特别是在心肺适能较低的受试者中，可能会使血压正常高值的年轻成年男性人群血压升高，且不受体能的中介作用影响。需要进一步研究来探究影响这种关系的其他机制。
