Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
Small. 2024 Feb;20(8):e2302506. doi: 10.1002/smll.202302506. Epub 2023 Oct 9.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic disease that causes pain and disability in adults, affecting ≈300 million people worldwide. It is caused by damage to cartilage, including cellular inflammation and destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to limited self-repairing ability due to the lack of blood vessels and nerves in the cartilage tissue. Organoid technology has emerged as a promising approach for cartilage repair, but constructing joint organoids with their complex structures and special mechanisms is still challenging. To overcome these boundaries, 3D bioprinting technology allows for the precise design of physiologically relevant joint organoids, including shape, structure, mechanical properties, cellular arrangement, and biological cues to mimic natural joint tissue. In this review, the authors will introduce the biological structure of joint tissues, summarize key procedures in 3D bioprinting for cartilage repair, and propose strategies for constructing joint organoids using 3D bioprinting. The authors also discuss the challenges of using joint organoids' approaches and perspectives on their future applications, opening opportunities to model joint tissues and response to joint disease treatment.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种慢性疾病，会导致成年人疼痛和残疾，全球约有 3 亿人受到影响。它是由软骨损伤引起的，包括细胞炎症和细胞外基质（ECM）的破坏，由于软骨组织中缺乏血管和神经，导致自我修复能力有限。类器官技术已成为软骨修复的一种有前途的方法，但构建具有复杂结构和特殊机制的关节类器官仍然具有挑战性。为了克服这些界限，3D 生物打印技术允许精确设计具有生理相关性的关节类器官，包括形状、结构、机械性能、细胞排列和生物线索，以模拟天然关节组织。在这篇综述中，作者将介绍关节组织的生物学结构，总结 3D 生物打印在软骨修复中的关键步骤，并提出使用 3D 生物打印构建关节类器官的策略。作者还讨论了使用关节类器官方法的挑战以及对其未来应用的展望，为模拟关节组织和应对关节疾病治疗开辟了机会。
