Pavone Silvia, Iscaro Carmen, Dettori Annalisa, Feliziani Francesco
National Reference Laboratory for Pestivirus and Asfivirus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Regional Veterinary Epidemiology Observatory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Sep 22;13(19):2998. doi: 10.3390/ani13192998.
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe viral disease of domestic pigs and Eurasian wild boars () caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASF is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, where 24 genotypes of the virus have been reported. Between the late 1950s and the early 1980s, genotype I ASFV emerged in Europe, including Italy. In June 2007, a second ASF epidemic wave caused by genotype II was registered, involving several European and extra-European countries, including Italy in 2022. The present paper aims to provide the state of the art of ASF in Italy, describing the course of ASF in wild boars and domestic pigs as an example of multiple concurring different scenarios. Sardinia is coping with the last phase of the eradication of the disease by applying the exit strategy. Conversely, four clusters of infection located in North, Central, and South Italy are still ongoing. The unique and complex Italian experience in ASF-controlling may be useful to increase know-how on the efficacy of strategies and measures, as well as issues that could be further improved.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是一种由非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）引起的家猪和欧亚野猪的严重病毒性疾病。ASF在撒哈拉以南非洲地区呈地方流行性，该地区已报告了24种病毒基因型。20世纪50年代末至80年代初，I型ASFV在包括意大利在内的欧洲出现。2007年6月，由II型病毒引起的第二波ASF疫情爆发，涉及多个欧洲和欧洲以外国家，包括2022年的意大利。本文旨在介绍意大利非洲猪瘟的现状，以野猪和家猪为例描述非洲猪瘟的发展过程，呈现多种并发的不同情况。撒丁岛正在通过实施退出战略应对疾病根除的最后阶段。相反，位于意大利北部、中部和南部的四个感染群仍在持续。意大利在控制非洲猪瘟方面独特而复杂的经验可能有助于增加对策略和措施有效性的专业知识，以及有待进一步改进的问题。
