Nazari Matin, Nikbaf-Shandiz Mahlagha, Pashayee-Khamene Fereshteh, Bagheri Reza, Goudarzi Kian, Hosseinnia Navid Vahid, Dolatshahi Sina, Omran Hossein Salehi, Amirani Niusha, Ashtary-Larky Damoon, Asbaghi Omid, Ghanavati Matin
Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2024 Jul;202(7):2966-2990. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03895-7. Epub 2023 Oct 23.
Zinc supplementation has therapeutic effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and inflammation as the main contributors to CVD pathogenesis. Since CVD is a major cause of mortality among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), this study aimed to overview the potential effects of zinc supplementation on CVD risk factors in T2DM patients. To determine appropriate randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of zinc supplementation on CVD risk factors, electronic sources including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched until January 2023. The heterogeneity of trials was checked using the I statistic. According to the heterogeneity tests, random-effects models were estimated, and pooled data were defined as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Of the 4004 initial records, 23 studies that met inclusion criteria were analyzed in this meta-analysis. The pooled findings indicated the significant lowering effects of zinc supplementation on triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), and C-reactive protein (CRP), while high-density cholesterol (HDL) concentrations showed an elevation after zinc supplementation. In addition to statistical significance, the effect of zinc supplementation on most of the variables was clinically significant; however, the quality of evidence in the included studies is regarded as low or very low for most variables. Our study demonstrated that zinc supplementation has beneficial effects on glycemic control markers, lipid profile, and CRP levels as a classic marker of inflammation in T2DM. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity between studies and the low rate of quality in them, further well-designed studies are necessitated to strengthen our findings.
补充锌对心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素具有治疗作用，这些风险因素包括血脂异常、高血糖和炎症，它们是CVD发病机制的主要促成因素。由于CVD是2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者死亡的主要原因，本研究旨在概述补充锌对T2DM患者CVD风险因素的潜在影响。为了确定研究补充锌对CVD风险因素影响的合适随机临床试验（RCT），我们系统检索了包括PubMed、科学网和Scopus在内的电子资源，检索截至2023年1月。使用I统计量检查试验的异质性。根据异质性检验，估计随机效应模型，并将汇总数据定义为具有95%置信区间（CI）的加权平均差（WMD）。在4004条初始记录中，本荟萃分析纳入了23项符合纳入标准的研究进行分析。汇总结果表明，补充锌对甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1C）和C反应蛋白（CRP）有显著降低作用，而补充锌后高密度胆固醇（HDL）浓度升高。除了具有统计学意义外，补充锌对大多数变量的影响在临床上也具有显著意义；然而，纳入研究中大多数变量的证据质量被认为较低或非常低。我们的研究表明，补充锌对血糖控制指标、血脂谱以及作为T2DM炎症经典标志物的CRP水平具有有益作用。由于研究之间存在高度异质性且研究质量较低，因此需要进一步设计良好的研究来强化我们的发现。
