Nishio Haruki, Kawakatsu Taiji, Yamaguchi Nobutoshi
Data Science and AI Innovation Research Promotion Center, Shiga University, Shiga 522-8522, Japan.
Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga 520-2113, Japan.
Plant Physiol. 2024 Mar 29;194(4):1934-1951. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad558.
Plants remember their exposure to environmental changes and respond more effectively the next time they encounter a similar change by flexibly altering gene expression. Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in establishing such memory of environmental changes and fine-tuning gene expression. With the recent advancements in biochemistry and sequencing technologies, it has become possible to characterize the dynamics of epigenetic changes on scales ranging from short term (minutes) to long term (generations). Here, our main focus is on describing the current understanding of the temporal regulation of histone modifications and chromatin changes during exposure to short-term recurring high temperatures and reevaluating them in the context of natural environments. Investigations of the dynamics of histone modifications and chromatin structural changes in Arabidopsis after repeated exposure to heat at short intervals have revealed the detailed molecular mechanisms of short-term heat stress memory, which include histone modification enzymes, chromatin remodelers, and key transcription factors. In addition, we summarize the spatial regulation of heat responses. Based on the natural temperature patterns during summer, we discuss how plants cope with recurring heat stress occurring at various time intervals by utilizing 2 distinct types of heat stress memory mechanisms. We also explore future research directions to provide a more precise understanding of the epigenetic regulation of heat stress memory.
植物会记住它们所经历的环境变化，并在下次遇到类似变化时通过灵活改变基因表达做出更有效的反应。表观遗传机制在建立这种环境变化记忆以及微调基因表达方面起着至关重要的作用。随着生物化学和测序技术的最新进展，已经能够在从短期（几分钟）到长期（几代）的尺度上表征表观遗传变化的动态。在这里，我们主要关注描述目前对短期反复高温暴露期间组蛋白修饰和染色质变化的时间调控的理解，并在自然环境的背景下对其进行重新评估。对拟南芥在短时间间隔内反复受热后组蛋白修饰和染色质结构变化动态的研究揭示了短期热应激记忆的详细分子机制，其中包括组蛋白修饰酶、染色质重塑因子和关键转录因子。此外，我们总结了热反应的空间调控。基于夏季的自然温度模式，我们讨论了植物如何通过利用两种不同类型的热应激记忆机制来应对不同时间间隔出现的反复热应激。我们还探索了未来的研究方向，以便更精确地理解热应激记忆的表观遗传调控。
