Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2023 Oct 20;87(6):e20220256. doi: 10.5935/0004-2749.2022-0256. eCollection 2023.
As digital devices are increasingly used at work, valid and reliable tools are needed to assess their effect on visual health. This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q©) into Portuguese.
A 5-phase process was followed: direct translation, synthesis of translation, back-translation, consolidation by an expert committee, and pretest. To run the pretest, a cross-sectional pilot study was conducted with 26 participants who completed the prefinal Portuguese version of the CVS-Q© and were asked about difficulties, comprehensibility, and suggestions to improve the questionnaire. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the CVS-Q©, a cross-sectional validation study was performed in a different sample (280 workers).
In the pretest, 96.2% had no difficulty in completing it, and 84.0% valued it as clear and understandable. CVS-Q© in Portuguese (Questionário da Síndrome Visual do Computador, CVS-Q PT©) was then obtained. Validation revealed the scale's good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.793), good temporal stability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.847; 95% CI 0.764-0.902, kappa=0.839), adequate sensitivity and specificity (78.5% and 70.7%, respectively), good discriminant capacity (area under the curve=0.832; 95% CI 0.784-0.879), and adequate convergent validity with the ocular surface disease index (Spearman correlation coefficient=0.728, p<0.001). The factor analysis provided a single factor accounting for 37.7% of the explained common variance. A worker who scored ≥7 points would have computer vision syndrome.
CVS-Q PT© can be considered an intuitive and easy-to-understand tool with good psychometric properties to measure computer vision syndrome in Portuguese workers exposed to digital devices. This questionnaire will assist in making decisions on preventive measures, interventions, and treatment and comparing exposed populations in different Portuguese-speaking countries.
随着数字设备在工作中的应用日益增多，需要有效的可靠工具来评估其对视觉健康的影响。本研究旨在将计算机视觉综合征问卷（CVS-Q©）翻译成葡萄牙语，并对其进行跨文化适应性验证。
采用 5 个阶段的方法：直接翻译、翻译合成、回译、专家委员会整合和预测试。为了进行预测试，进行了一项横断面预试验研究，共有 26 名参与者完成了 CVS-Q©的最终预测试葡萄牙语版本，并被问及完成问卷时的困难、理解程度和改进问卷的建议。为了评估 CVS-Q©葡萄牙语版本的可靠性和有效性，在另一个样本（280 名工人）中进行了横断面验证研究。
在预测试中，96.2%的参与者完成问卷没有困难，84.0%的参与者认为问卷清晰易懂。然后获得了 CVS-Q©葡萄牙语版本（Questionário da Síndrome Visual do Computador，CVS-Q PT©）。验证结果显示该量表具有良好的内部一致性（Cronbach's alpha=0.793）、良好的时间稳定性（组内相关系数=0.847；95%CI 0.764-0.902，kappa=0.839）、适当的敏感性和特异性（分别为 78.5%和 70.7%）、良好的区分能力（曲线下面积=0.832；95%CI 0.784-0.879），以及与眼表面疾病指数（Spearman 相关系数=0.728，p<0.001）的良好收敛效度。因子分析提供了一个单一的因素，占解释的共同方差的 37.7%。得分≥7 分的工人将患有计算机视觉综合征。
CVS-Q PT©可以被认为是一种直观、易于理解的工具，具有良好的心理测量学特性，可用于测量暴露于数字设备的葡萄牙语工人的计算机视觉综合征。该问卷将有助于做出预防措施、干预和治疗的决策，并比较不同葡萄牙语国家的暴露人群。
