Lieberman H R, Wurtman J J, Chew B
Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Dec;44(6):772-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/44.6.772.
Two groups of obese individuals who consume excessive calories primarily as snack foods have been identified. Carbohydrate cravers consume most or all snacks as carbohydrate-rich foods despite the equal accessibility of protein-rich snacks. Noncarbohydrate cravers consume about equal amounts of protein- and carbohydrate-rich snack foods. Using standardized self-report questionnaires, we measured mood before and 2 h after consumption of a high-carbohydrate lunch (104 g CHO). Responses to the meal differed significantly: noncarbohydrate cravers reported feeling considerably less alert, more fatigued and sleepy, while carbohydrate cravers described little or no change in these aspects of mood. Moreover, noncarbohydrate cravers experienced an increase in depression, while carbohydrate cravers reported feeling less depressed. Findings suggest that snacking habits of obese individuals may be related to subsequent mood states.
已确定两组主要将高热量作为零食摄入的肥胖个体。碳水化合物偏好者将大部分或所有零食都当作富含碳水化合物的食物来食用，尽管富含蛋白质的零食同样容易获取。非碳水化合物偏好者摄入的富含蛋白质和富含碳水化合物的零食量大致相等。我们使用标准化的自我报告问卷，在食用一顿高碳水化合物午餐（104克碳水化合物）之前和之后2小时测量了情绪。对这顿饭的反应有显著差异：非碳水化合物偏好者表示警觉性明显降低，更疲劳、困倦，而碳水化合物偏好者表示在这些情绪方面几乎没有变化。此外，非碳水化合物偏好者的抑郁情绪有所增加，而碳水化合物偏好者表示抑郁情绪减轻。研究结果表明，肥胖个体的零食习惯可能与随后的情绪状态有关。
