School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/P.PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
Biomolecules. 2023 Sep 25;13(10):1444. doi: 10.3390/biom13101444.
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive and irreversible neuronal loss, accompanied by a range of pathological pathways, including aberrant protein aggregation, altered energy metabolism, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Some of the most common NDs include Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's Disease (HD). There are currently no available cures; there are only therapeutic approaches that ameliorate the progression of symptoms, which makes the search for new drugs and therapeutic targets a constant battle. Cyanobacteria are ancient prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs whose long evolutionary history has resulted in the production of a plethora of biomedically relevant compounds with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties, that can be valuable in this field. This review summarizes the major NDs and their pathophysiology, with a focus on the anti-neurodegenerative properties of cyanobacterial compounds and their main effects.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）的特征是进行性和不可逆转的神经元丧失，伴随着一系列病理途径，包括异常蛋白聚集、能量代谢改变、兴奋毒性、炎症和氧化应激。一些最常见的 NDs 包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）、帕金森病（PD）、多发性硬化症（MS）、肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）和亨廷顿病（HD）。目前尚无可用的治疗方法；只有一些治疗方法可以改善症状的进展，这使得寻找新的药物和治疗靶点成为一场持续的战斗。蓝细菌是古老的原核产氧光合生物，其漫长的进化历史导致产生了大量具有抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节和神经保护特性的生物医学相关化合物，在这一领域具有重要价值。本综述总结了主要的 NDs 及其病理生理学，重点介绍了蓝细菌化合物的抗神经退行性作用及其主要作用。
