Department of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Feb;146:112610. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112610. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis have various disease-specific causal factors and pathological features. A very common characteristic of NDs is oxidative stress (OS), which takes place due to the elevated generation of reactive oxygen species during the progression of NDs. Furthermore, the pathological condition of NDs including an increased level of protein aggregates can further lead to chronic inflammation because of the microglial activation. Carotenoids (CTs) are naturally occurring pigments that play a significant role in averting brain disorders. More than 750 CTs are present in nature, and they are widely available in plants, microorganisms, and animals. CTs are accountable for the red, yellow, and orange pigments in several animals and plants, and these colors usually indicate various types of CTs. CTs exert various bioactive properties because of its characteristic structure, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to the protective properties of CTs, levels of CTs in the human body have been markedly linked with the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases including NDs. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between OS, neuroinflammation, and NDs. In addition, we have also particularly focused on the antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties of CTs in the management of NDs.
神经退行性疾病（NDs）包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、亨廷顿病和多发性硬化症，它们具有不同的疾病特异性病因和病理特征。氧化应激（OS）是 NDs 的一个非常常见的特征，它是由于 NDs 进展过程中活性氧的产生增加而发生的。此外，NDs 的病理状况，包括蛋白质聚集体水平的增加，由于小胶质细胞的激活，可能进一步导致慢性炎症。类胡萝卜素（CTs）是天然存在的色素，在预防脑疾病方面起着重要作用。自然界中存在超过 750 种 CTs，它们广泛存在于植物、微生物和动物中。CTs 是许多动植物中红色、黄色和橙色色素的来源，这些颜色通常表明存在各种类型的 CTs。由于其特征结构，CTs 具有各种生物活性特性，包括抗炎和抗氧化特性。由于 CTs 的保护特性，人体内 CTs 的水平与包括 NDs 在内的多种疾病的预防和治疗明显相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 OS、神经炎症和 NDs 之间的关系。此外，我们还特别关注了 CTs 在 NDs 管理中的抗氧化和抗炎特性。
