Alves Fernanda, Pratavieira Sebastião, Inada Natália Mayumi, Barrera Patiño Claudia Patricia, Kurachi Cristina
Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo CEP 13560-970, Brazil.
Pharmaceutics. 2023 Sep 30;15(10):2407. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102407.
Photodynamic (PDI) and sonodynamic (SDI) inactivation have been successfully employed as antimicrobial treatments. Moreover, sonophotodynamic inactivation (SPDI), which is the simultaneous application of PDI and SDI, has demonstrated greater effects. This study assessed the effects of PDI (PDI group), SDI (SDI group) and SPDI (SPDI group) using curcumin as a sensitizer on the metabolism, adhesion capability, biofilm formation ability and structural effects in a biofilm. Moreover, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the degradation spectrum of curcumin under the irradiation sources were measured. SPDI was more effective in inactivating the biofilm than PDI and SDI. All treatments reduced the adhesion ability of the bacteria: 58 ± 2%, 58 ± 1% and 71 ± 1% of the bacterial cells adhered to the polystyrene plate after the SPDI, SDI and PDI, respectively, when compared to 79 ± 1% of the untreated cells (control group). This result is probably related to the metabolism cell reduction after treatments. The metabolism of cells from the PDI group was 89 ± 1% lower than the untreated cells, while the metabolic activity of SDI and SPDI groups were 82 ± 2% and 90 ± 1% lower, respectively. Regarding the biofilm formation ability, all treatments (SPDI, SDI and PDI) reduced the total biomass. The total biomass of the PDI, SDI and SPDI groups were 26 ± 2%, 31 ± 5% and 35 ± 6% lower than the untreated biofilm (control group), respectively. Additionally, all treatments produced ROS and caused significant structural changes, reducing cells and the extracellular matrix. The light caused a greater absorbance decay of the curcumin; however, the US did not expressively alter its spectrum. Finally, SPDI had improved antimicrobial effects, and all treatments exhibited similar effects in the colonization factors evaluated.
光动力（PDI）和声动力（SDI）灭活已成功用作抗菌治疗方法。此外，声-光动力灭活（SPDI），即同时应用PDI和SDI，已显示出更大的效果。本研究评估了以姜黄素为敏化剂的PDI（PDI组）、SDI（SDI组）和SPDI（SPDI组）对生物膜中代谢、黏附能力、生物膜形成能力及结构的影响。此外，还测量了辐照源下活性氧（ROS）的产生及姜黄素的降解光谱。SPDI在灭活生物膜方面比PDI和SDI更有效。所有处理均降低了细菌的黏附能力：与未处理细胞（对照组）的79±1%相比，SPDI、SDI和PDI处理后分别有58±2%、58±1%和71±1%的细菌细胞黏附于聚苯乙烯平板。该结果可能与处理后代谢细胞减少有关。PDI组细胞的代谢比未处理细胞低89±1%，而SDI组和SPDI组的代谢活性分别低82±2%和90±1%。关于生物膜形成能力，所有处理（SPDI、SDI和PDI）均降低了总生物量。PDI组、SDI组和SPDI组的总生物量分别比未处理生物膜（对照组）低26±2%、31±5%和35±6%。此外，所有处理均产生活性氧并引起显著的结构变化，减少了细胞和细胞外基质。光照导致姜黄素的吸光度衰减更大；然而，超声并未明显改变其光谱。最后，SPDI具有更好的抗菌效果，且所有处理在评估的定植因子方面表现出相似的效果。
