Qin Chenyuan, Deng Jie, Du Min, Liu Qiao, Wang Yaping, Yan Wenxin, Liu Min, Liu Jue
School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Oct 5;11(10):1570. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11101570.
At present, the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing globally and the virus is constantly mutating. The herd immunity barrier established by past infections or vaccinations is gradually weakening and reinfections are occurring. To evaluate the pandemic fatigue and vaccine hesitancy among people who have recovered from COVID-19 in the post-pandemic era, we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey study in China from 4 July to 11 August 2023, nearly 6 months after the last large-scale nationwide infection. Basic sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors (smoking, drinking, and chronic disease history), COVID-19 vaccination history, and self-reported long COVID were obtained as potential covariates. A series of logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between pandemic fatigue and vaccine hesitancy toward the next dose of COVID-19 vaccines via crude relative risks (cORs) and adjusted relative risks (aORs) with 95% CIs. According to our results, of the 2942 participants, 1242 (42.2%) were hesitant (unwilling or not sure) to receive the next dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The average score on the Pandemic Fatigue Scale was 21.67 ± 8.86, in which the scores of all items in the vaccine-hesitant group were significantly higher than those in the vaccine-accepting group. Additionally, the higher the pandemic fatigue level among people who have recovered from COVID-19, the more likely they were to be hesitant to receive the next dose of the COVID-19 vaccines (moderate: aOR = 2.94, 95% CI: 2.46-3.53; high: aOR = 6.88, 95% CI: 5.49-8.64). Overall, more than 40% of the recovered participants were unwilling or uncertain about the next vaccine dose, with varying degrees of pandemic fatigue. Pandemic fatigue is a potentially relevant factor for vaccine hesitancy and may hinder the translation of vaccination intention into behavior. Considering the ongoing reinfection situation, implementing a health education plan to reduce pandemic fatigue and prioritizing vaccination issues for people who have recovered from COVID-19 may be key to promoting the reduction of the COVID-19 disease burden and ensuring the health and well-being of the population.
目前，新冠疫情仍在全球范围内持续，病毒不断变异。过去感染或接种疫苗所建立的群体免疫屏障正逐渐减弱，再次感染情况不断出现。为评估疫情后时代新冠康复者中的疫情疲劳和疫苗犹豫情况，我们于2023年7月4日至8月11日在中国开展了一项匿名横断面调查研究，此时距离上一次全国大规模感染已近6个月。收集了基本社会人口学特征、健康相关因素（吸烟、饮酒和慢性病病史）、新冠疫苗接种史以及自我报告的新冠长期症状作为潜在协变量。通过粗相对风险（cORs）和调整后的相对风险（aORs）及95%置信区间，进行了一系列逻辑回归模型分析，以检验疫情疲劳与对下一剂新冠疫苗的疫苗犹豫之间的关联。根据我们的结果，在2942名参与者中，1242人（42.2%）对接种下一剂新冠疫苗持犹豫态度（不愿意或不确定）。疫情疲劳量表的平均得分为21.67±8.86，其中疫苗犹豫组所有项目的得分均显著高于疫苗接受组。此外，新冠康复者的疫情疲劳水平越高，他们就越有可能对接种下一剂新冠疫苗持犹豫态度（中度：aOR = 2.94，95%置信区间：2.46 - 3.53；高度：aOR = 6.88，95%置信区间：5.49 - 8.64）。总体而言，超过40%的康复参与者对接种下一剂疫苗不愿意或不确定，且存在不同程度的疫情疲劳。疫情疲劳是疫苗犹豫的一个潜在相关因素，可能会阻碍将接种意愿转化为实际行为。考虑到持续的再次感染情况，实施一项健康教育计划以减轻疫情疲劳，并将新冠康复者的疫苗接种问题列为优先事项，可能是促进减轻新冠疾病负担以及确保民众健康和福祉的关键。
