Perenkov Alexey D, Sergeeva Alena D, Vedunova Maria V, Krysko Dmitri V
Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Cell Death Investigation and Therapy (CDIT) Laboratory, Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Oct 16;11(10):1600. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11101600.
mRNA was discovered in 1961, but it was not used as a vaccine until after three decades. Recently, the development of mRNA vaccine technology gained great impetus from the pursuit of vaccines against COVID-19. To improve the properties of RNA vaccines, and primarily their circulation time, self-amplifying mRNA and trans-amplifying mRNA were developed. A separate branch of mRNA technology is circular RNA vaccines, which were developed with the discovery of the possibility of translation on their protein matrix. Circular RNA has several advantages over mRNA vaccines and is considered a fairly promising platform, as is trans-amplifying mRNA. This review presents an overview of the mRNA platform and a critical discussion of the more modern self-amplifying mRNA, trans-amplifying mRNA, and circular RNA platforms created on its basis. Finally, the main features, advantages, and disadvantages of each of the presented mRNA platforms are discussed. This discussion will facilitate the decision-making process in selecting the most appropriate platform for creating RNA vaccines against cancer or viral diseases.
信使核糖核酸（mRNA）于1961年被发现，但直到三十年后才被用作疫苗。最近，mRNA疫苗技术的发展因对抗新冠病毒疫苗的研发而获得了巨大推动力。为了改善RNA疫苗的特性，主要是其循环时间，人们开发了自我扩增mRNA和转扩增mRNA。mRNA技术的一个独立分支是环状RNA疫苗，它是随着在其蛋白质基质上进行翻译的可能性被发现而开发的。环状RNA相对于mRNA疫苗具有若干优势，并且被认为是一个相当有前景的平台，转扩增mRNA也是如此。本文综述了mRNA平台，并对在其基础上创建的更现代的自我扩增mRNA、转扩增mRNA和环状RNA平台进行了批判性讨论。最后，讨论了所介绍的每个mRNA平台的主要特点、优点和缺点。这一讨论将有助于在选择最适合的平台来研发针对癌症或病毒性疾病的RNA疫苗时的决策过程。
