Columbia Business School, Columbia University, NY, USA.
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2023 Dec;54:101696. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101696. Epub 2023 Sep 28.
The U.S. is plagued by a variety of societal divides across political orientation, race, and gender, among others. Listening has the potential to be a key element in spanning these divides. Moreover, the benefits of listening for mitigating social division has become a culturally popular idea and practice. Recent evidence suggests that listening can bridge divides in at least two ways: by improving outgroup sentiment and by granting outgroup members greater status and respect. When reviewing this literature, we pay particular attention to mechanisms and to boundary conditions, as well as to the possibility that listening can backfire. We also review a variety of current interventions designed to encourage and improve listening at all levels of the culture cycle. The combination of recent evidence and the growing popular belief in the significance of listening heralds a bright future for research on the many ways that listening can diffuse stereotypes and improve attitudes underlying intergroup division.
美国深受社会分裂之苦，这些分裂涉及政治倾向、种族和性别等诸多方面。倾听有可能成为弥合这些分歧的关键因素。此外，倾听对于缓解社会分裂的好处已经成为一种文化上流行的理念和实践。最近的证据表明，倾听至少可以通过两种方式弥合分歧：一是改善对外群体的看法，二是给予外群体成员更大的地位和尊重。在审查这些文献时，我们特别关注机制和边界条件，以及倾听可能适得其反的可能性。我们还回顾了各种旨在鼓励和改善各级文化周期倾听的现有干预措施。最近的证据和人们对倾听重要性的日益增长的普遍信念，预示着倾听在消除刻板印象和改善群体间分歧的态度方面的许多方式的研究将有一个光明的未来。
