Oza Harshal, Doshi Bhavik
Department of Anatomy, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad, India.
Anat Cell Biol. 2023 Dec 31;56(4):428-434. doi: 10.5115/acb.23.141. Epub 2023 Nov 10.
Pulmonary veins (PVs) and their myocardial sleeves play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation. Hence, detailed knowledge of PV anatomy is required to improve the procedural success rate and prevent complications during cardiac procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PV anatomy along with anatomical variations in the Indian population. Total 100 formalin fixed cadaveric hearts were examined. The number and pattern of the PVs were observed along with the measurement of their horizontal and vertical diameters. The ovality index for each PV was calculated. Classical PV pattern was observed in 62% cases. Variant pattern like additional right middle PV pattern and left common PV pattern were found in 20% and 10% cases respectively. A separate pattern with presence of both right middle PV and left common PV was observed in 6% cases. In the classical pattern right superior PV was the largest followed by right inferior, left superior and left inferior PV. The additional right middle PV had the smallest diameter whereas the left common PV had the largest diameter. Almost all the veins had greater vertical diameters in comparison to horizontal diameters. The variant PVs were oval and had greater ovality index compared to the normal PVs. In classical pattern 54.8% hearts whereas in variant pattern 79% hearts had one or more oval PV. The given data can help clinicians for planning and execution of various interventional and electrophysiological procedures involving PVs.
肺静脉（PVs）及其心肌袖套在房颤的发生发展中起重要作用。因此，需要详细了解肺静脉解剖结构，以提高心脏手术的成功率并预防手术并发症。本研究的目的是评估印度人群的肺静脉解剖结构及其解剖变异。共检查了100颗福尔马林固定的尸体心脏。观察肺静脉的数量和形态，并测量其水平和垂直直径。计算每个肺静脉的椭圆率指数。62%的病例观察到典型的肺静脉形态。分别在20%和10%的病例中发现了变异形态，如额外的右中肺静脉形态和左总肺静脉形态。6%的病例观察到同时存在右中肺静脉和左总肺静脉的单独形态。在典型形态中，右上肺静脉最大，其次是右下、左上和左下肺静脉。额外的右中肺静脉直径最小，而左总肺静脉直径最大。几乎所有静脉的垂直直径都大于水平直径。与正常肺静脉相比，变异肺静脉呈椭圆形且椭圆率指数更大。在典型形态中，54.8%的心脏存在一个或多个椭圆形肺静脉，而在变异形态中，这一比例为79%。所提供的数据可帮助临床医生规划和实施涉及肺静脉的各种介入和电生理手术。
