He Mingjie, Wu Yuanxiang, Liu Xiaoguang, Wu Bing, Fu Hongpeng
School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Key Laboratory of National Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Restoration in Cold Regions, Ministry of Natural Resources, Harbin, 150000, China.
College of Architecture and Landscape. Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Oct 28;9(11):e21671. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21671. eCollection 2023 Nov.
Ensuring equitable access to green spaces in urban built-up areas is not only vital for fostering environmental justice but also aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, there is a noticeable gap in the current body of research regarding the role of small urban green spaces, especially their multifunctionality from an ecosystem services perspective. Taking the urban built-up area of Harbin as an example, this study first applied the Analytic Hierarchy Process to classify the supply and demand of green space into three types. Then, the article further analyzes the potential functional positioning of the newly added green spaces, including ecological and social functions, using Minimum Cumulative Resistance and Point of Interest. Finally, multi-criteria decision models are used to explore the priority and functional positioning of green space and construct a multi-functional and highly-efficient small urban green space network. The results indicate a significant imbalance in green space supply and demand, with severe and medium mismatch areas accounting for 30.17 % and 48.50 %, respectively. By assessing the multifunctionality of small green spaces, we propose guidelines that include five types of areas: Concentrated Development (85.85 km, 16.94 %), Backup Development (70.74 km, 14.31 %), Maintenance (304.49 km, 61.51 %), Protection (14.94 km, 3.02 %), and Optimization (20.89 km, 4.22 %). Finally, the article proposes a 277.60 km multifunctional small urban green space network. By examining small urban green spaces, this study crafts a pivotal framework for enhancing green space equity in urban built-up environments, providing valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners. The approach has significant implications for developing multifunctional green networks in varied urban contexts and offers a model for wider application, serving as a reference for achieving green space equity in developing countries globally.
确保城市建成区公平获取绿色空间不仅对促进环境正义至关重要，而且符合联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）。然而，目前关于小型城市绿色空间的作用，尤其是从生态系统服务角度看其多功能性的研究存在明显差距。以哈尔滨城市建成区为例，本研究首先运用层次分析法将绿色空间的供需分为三种类型。然后，文章进一步利用最小累积阻力模型和兴趣点分析新增绿色空间的潜在功能定位，包括生态和社会功能。最后，使用多标准决策模型探索绿色空间的优先级和功能定位，并构建多功能、高效的小型城市绿色空间网络。结果表明，绿色空间供需存在显著失衡，严重不匹配和中度不匹配区域分别占30.17%和48.50%。通过评估小型绿色空间的多功能性，我们提出了包括五种类型区域的指导方针：集中发展区（85.85平方公里，16.94%）、后备发展区（70.74平方公里，14.31%）、维护区（304.49平方公里，61.51%）、保护区（14.94平方公里，3.02%）和优化区（20.89平方公里，4.22%）。最后，文章提出了一个277.60公里的多功能小型城市绿色空间网络。通过研究小型城市绿色空间，本研究为增强城市建成环境中的绿色空间公平性构建了一个关键框架，为政策制定者和城市规划者提供了有价值的见解。该方法对在不同城市背景下发展多功能绿色网络具有重要意义，并提供了一个可广泛应用的模型，为全球发展中国家实现绿色空间公平性提供参考。
