College of Public Administration, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
Research Center of Hubei Ethnic Minority Areas Economic and Social Development, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 16;19(8):4855. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084855.
Urban green space has environmental benefits of purifying the air, reducing the heat island effect and providing the social and economic benefits of rest places and social platforms. An integrated and organized green space system is important for fully realizing the positive functions of an urban ecosystem. Previous studies have considered green space supply and demand, but few studies have examined large-scale, diverse and small-scale systems, making it difficult to conduct a comparative study of urban green space accessibility and equity under the same conditions (such as data sources and calculation methods). Using the two-step floating catchment area method, this study evaluates the equity of 254 urban green spaces in China within four ranges of accessibility: 1 km, 2.5 km, 5 km and 10 km. The study also considers urban house price in the research. The results show the following: (1) There are large differences in the accessibility of green space between different cities in China. Within the accessibility threshold of 10 km, the city with the most accessible urban green spaces has an accessibility level that is 27,813 times that of the city with the lowest accessibility. (2) Within the range of walking/cycling, there are significant inequalities in green space access in the 254 cities; the inequality of green space accessibility in most of the studied cities is at the "dangerous" level. (3) The two-step floating catchment area method indicates that the social superiority (high social class) represented by high housing prices is associated with a greater opportunity to access urban green space services. This paper highlights the main problems associated with the accessibility of urban green space in China and proposes targeted development recommendations. These recommendations provide a reference for urban managers to develop effective green space development policies and realize the optimal allocation of urban green space.
城市绿地具有净化空气、降低热岛效应等环境效益，同时还具有提供休憩场所和社交平台等社会效益。一个综合且组织有序的绿地系统对于充分发挥城市生态系统的积极功能至关重要。先前的研究已经考虑了绿地的供需情况，但很少有研究考察大规模、多样化和小规模系统，因此难以在相同条件下（如数据源和计算方法）对城市绿地可达性和公平性进行比较研究。本研究使用两步浮动集水区法，评估了中国 254 个城市在四个可达性范围（1 公里、2.5 公里、5 公里和 10 公里）内的绿地公平性。研究还考虑了城市房价。结果表明：（1）中国不同城市之间的绿地可达性存在较大差异。在 10 公里可达性阈值内，可达性最高的城市的可达性水平是可达性最低的城市的 27813 倍。（2）在步行/骑行范围内，254 个城市的绿地可达性存在显著不平等；在所研究的大部分城市中，绿地可达性不平等处于“危险”水平。（3）两步浮动集水区法表明，高房价所代表的社会优势（高社会阶层）与获得城市绿地服务的更大机会相关。本文突出了中国城市绿地可达性存在的主要问题，并提出了有针对性的发展建议。这些建议为城市管理者制定有效的绿地发展政策和实现城市绿地的优化配置提供了参考。
