Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 26;15(21):4536. doi: 10.3390/nu15214536.
The literature shows how sarcopenia often occurs along with different phenotypes based either on the concomitant presence of adipose tissue excess (i.e., sarcopenic obesity, SO), or osteopenia/osteoporosis (osteosarcopenia, OS), or the combination of the two conditions, so-called osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). This research aimed to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia phenotypes (SO, OS, OSO), their associated risk factors and their health impact in a population of out- and inpatients living in the North of Italy. Male and female subjects aged ≥18 years were enrolled for the study. A blood sample was collected to measure targeted blood makers. A comprehensive anthropometric clinical assessment (height, weight, Body Mass Index, BMI and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry, DXA) was performed to measure ponderal, bone, fat, and muscle status. A total of 1510 individuals participated to the study (females, n = 1100; 72.85%). Sarcopenia was the most prevalent phenotype (17%), followed by osteosarcopenia (14.7%) and sarcopenic obesity. Only 1.9% of the sample was affected by OSO. According to logistic regression analysis, sarcopenia was associated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) (positively) and BMI, Iron (Fe), Total Cholesterol, albumin (%), albumin (g), and gamma proteins (negatively). Sarcopenic obesity was associated with age, ferritin, ESR, CRP (positively) and BMI, Fe, and albumin (%) (negatively). Osteosarcopenia was associated with age, ESR (positively) and BMI, Total Cholesterol, albumin (%), albumin (g), and Ca (negatively). Osteosarcopenic obesity was associated with glycemia and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gGT) (positively). According to random forest analysis, a higher BMI was the most important protective factor for sarcopenia, for sarcopenic obesity (along with Iron) and for osteosarcopenia (along with albumin). Moreover, osteosarcopenic obesity was positively associated with GgT and glycaemia. The possibility of gaining such information, especially in the younger population, could help to prevent the onset of such diseases and best fit the patient's needs, according to a precision-medicine approach.
文献表明，肌少症通常伴随着不同的表型出现，这些表型要么基于脂肪组织过多的同时存在（即肌少症肥胖症，SO），要么基于骨质疏松/骨量减少（骨质减少症，OS），或者这两种情况的结合，即所谓的骨肌减少症肥胖症（OSO）。本研究旨在评估一种存在于意大利北部的住院和门诊患者人群中肌少症表型（SO、OS、OSO）的流行率、其相关危险因素及其对健康的影响。研究纳入了年龄≥18 岁的男性和女性受试者。采集血样以测量有针对性的血液标志物。进行全面的人体测量临床评估（身高、体重、体重指数、BMI 和双能 X 线吸收法、DXA）以测量体重、骨骼、脂肪和肌肉状况。共有 1510 人参与了这项研究（女性，n=1100；72.85%）。肌少症是最常见的表型（17%），其次是骨质减少症（14.7%）和肌少症肥胖症。只有 1.9%的样本患有 OSO。根据逻辑回归分析，肌少症与年龄、红细胞沉降率（ESR）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）（呈正相关）和 BMI、铁（Fe）、总胆固醇、白蛋白（%）、白蛋白（g）和γ球蛋白（呈负相关）有关。肌少症肥胖症与年龄、铁蛋白、ESR、CRP（呈正相关）和 BMI、Fe 和白蛋白（%）（呈负相关）有关。骨质减少症与年龄、ESR（呈正相关）和 BMI、总胆固醇、白蛋白（%）、白蛋白（g）和钙（呈负相关）有关。骨质减少症肥胖症与血糖和γ-谷氨酰转移酶（gGT）（呈正相关）有关。根据随机森林分析，较高的 BMI 是肌少症、肌少症肥胖症（与铁有关）和骨质减少症（与白蛋白有关）最重要的保护因素。此外，骨质减少症肥胖症与 gGT 和血糖呈正相关。特别是在年轻人群中获得这些信息的可能性，可能有助于预防这些疾病的发生，并根据精准医学方法满足患者的需求。
