Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA.
Physiol Rep. 2023 Nov;11(22):e15856. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15856.
Overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob) is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Caloric restriction (CR) have been investigated but little is known about the acute effects of CR and often such diets are not standardized. Thus, we aimed to assess the impact of a new standardized 3-day CR diet (590 kcal/d intake) on cardiometabolic health in weight-stable Ow/Ob individuals. In a single-arm design, 15 Ow/Ob men and women were assessed pre-post a 3-day standardized CR diet; specifically, body weight/composition (%body fat, visceral fat score (Vfs), blood pressure (BP), and vascular stiffness (VS), resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate utilization (respiratory quotient, RQ), and blood glucose/lipid profile). CR lowered body weight (93.1 ± 15.2 to 90.67 ± 14.4 kg, p < 0.001, d = 1.9), %fat (37.2 ± 7.5 to 35.8 ± 7.5%, p = 0.002, d = 1.1), and Vfs (13.1 ± 4.5 to 12.2 ± 3.9 a.u., p = 0.002, d = 1.1), but not body water (46.3 ± 3.6 to 46.0 ± 3.6%, p = 0.29). CR lowered VS (29.8 ± 17.5 to 21.5 ± 14.5%, p = 0.05, d = 0.6), but not BP (p > 0.05). Blood glucose (86 ± 7 to 84 ± 11 mg/dL, p = 0.33) and lipids (total cholesterol (196 ± 49 to 203 ± 54 mg/dL, p = 0.16) and TC/HDL (4.9 ± 2.4 to 6.1 ± 4.7, p = 0.13)) were unchanged. RQ decreased with CR (0.84 ± 0.01 to 0.76 ± 0.00, p < 0.001, d = 1.9), though REE was unchanged (p = 0.83). The 3-day CR diet significantly improved fat metabolism, body weight and composition, and vascular stiffness.
超重和肥胖（Ow/Ob）是心血管代谢疾病的一个风险因素。人们已经研究了热量限制（CR），但对 CR 的急性影响知之甚少，而且这种饮食通常没有标准化。因此，我们旨在评估新的标准化 3 天 CR 饮食（每天摄入 590 卡路里）对体重稳定的 Ow/Ob 个体的心血管代谢健康的影响。在一项单臂设计中，15 名 Ow/Ob 男性和女性在进行为期 3 天的标准化 CR 饮食前后进行了评估；具体而言，评估了体重/成分（%体脂肪、内脏脂肪评分（Vfs）、血压（BP）和血管僵硬度（VS）、静息能量消耗（REE）、底物利用（呼吸商，RQ）和血糖/血脂谱）。CR 降低了体重（93.1±15.2 至 90.67±14.4kg，p<0.001，d=1.9）、%脂肪（37.2±7.5 至 35.8±7.5%，p=0.002，d=1.1）和 Vfs（13.1±4.5 至 12.2±3.9a.u.，p=0.002，d=1.1），但不改变身体水分（46.3±3.6 至 46.0±3.6%，p=0.29）。CR 降低了 VS（29.8±17.5 至 21.5±14.5%，p=0.05，d=0.6），但不改变血压（p>0.05）。血糖（86±7 至 84±11mg/dL，p=0.33）和血脂（总胆固醇（196±49 至 203±54mg/dL，p=0.16）和 TC/HDL（4.9±2.4 至 6.1±4.7，p=0.13））无变化。RQ 在 CR 后下降（0.84±0.01 至 0.76±0.00，p<0.001，d=1.9），尽管 REE 没有变化（p=0.83）。3 天的 CR 饮食显著改善了脂肪代谢、体重和成分以及血管僵硬度。
