Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Virulence. 2023 Dec;14(1):2280838. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2280838. Epub 2023 Nov 23.
spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis (or bacillary dysentery), a diarrhoeal disease characterized for the bacterial invasion of gut epithelial cells. Among the 4 species included in the genus, is principally responsible for the disease in the developing world while is the main causative agent in high-income countries. Remarkably, as more countries improve their socioeconomic conditions, we observe an increase in the relative prevalence of . To date, the reasons behind this change in aetiology depending on economic growth are not understood. has been widely used as a model to study the pathogenesis of the genus, but as more research data are collected, important discrepancies with have come to light. In comparison to can be differentiated in numerous aspects; it presents a characteristic O-antigen identical to that of one serogroup of the environmental bacterium , a group 4 capsule, antibacterial mechanisms to outcompete and displace gut commensal bacteria, and a poorer adaptation to an intracellular lifestyle. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) have recognized the significant threat posed by antibiotic-resistant strains of , demanding new approaches. This review gathers knowledge on what is known about within the context of other spp. and aims to open the door for future research on understanding the increasing spread of this pathogen.
种是志贺氏菌病（或细菌性痢疾）的病原体，这是一种以细菌侵袭肠道上皮细胞为特征的腹泻病。在属内包括的 4 个种中，主要负责发展中国家的疾病，而主要负责高收入国家的疾病。值得注意的是，随着越来越多的国家改善其社会经济条件，我们观察到的相对流行率增加。迄今为止，这种病因随经济增长而变化的原因尚不清楚。一直被广泛用作研究属发病机制的模型，但随着更多研究数据的收集，与的重要差异开始显现。与相比，在许多方面可以区分；它具有与环境细菌的一个血清群相同的特征 O 抗原，一个组 4 荚膜，与肠道共生菌竞争和取代的抗菌机制，以及较差的适应细胞内生活方式。此外，世界卫生组织（世卫组织）已经认识到对抗生素耐药菌株构成的重大威胁，要求采取新的方法。这篇综述汇集了关于属内的知识，并旨在为未来研究了解这种病原体的传播增加打开大门。
