Luo Zhihao, Liu Ting, Li Peng, Cheng Shuru, Casper David P
College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Casper's Calf Ranch, 4890 West Lily Creek Road, Freeport, IL 61032, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Nov 15;13(22):3523. doi: 10.3390/ani13223523.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding oregano essential oil, butyrate, and its mixture on the intestinal microbial diversity of calves. A completely randomized experimental design was used. Sixty-four healthy neonatal Holstein female calves with birth weight ≥ 35 kg were randomly divided into one control and three treatments (16 calves per group). The control group was fed normally, and the treatment group was fed oregano essential oil, butyrate, and their mixture, respectively. The experiment lasted for 70 days, and the lactation period lasted for 56 days. On days 55 and 70, rectal fecal samples from five calves were collected from each group for 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. The results showed as follows: (1) the three treatments had no significant effects on the intestinal microbial community diversity, community uniformity, and community pedigree diversity of calves ( > 0.05). (2) At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Spriochatetota, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota gates of the main bacteria were detected in feces. (3) At the genus level, the top ten species with relative abundance detected are: , , , , , , , , and , . (4) LEfSe analysis results show that the species with significant differences in the control group were , , , and , ; in the essential oil group were , , , and ; in the sodium butyrate group were , , ; in the mixed group were , . (5) The functional prediction analysis of calf gut microbes, found on the KEGG pathway2, shows that essential oil significantly improved membrane transport, Sodium butyrate inhibits lipid metabolism and improves the body's resistance to disease. ( < 0.05). (6) The effects of each treatment on the intestinal microbial structure of calves did not last for 14 days after the treatment was stopped. In conclusion, the addition of oregano essential oil, butyrate, and its mixtures to milk fed to calves can modulate the microbial structure, and it is recommended that oregano essential oil and butyrate be used separately, as a mixture of the two can increase the rate of diarrhea in calves.
本研究旨在探讨饲喂牛至精油、丁酸盐及其混合物对犊牛肠道微生物多样性的影响。采用完全随机试验设计。选取64头出生体重≥35 kg的健康新生荷斯坦雌性犊牛，随机分为1个对照组和3个处理组（每组16头犊牛）。对照组正常饲喂，处理组分别饲喂牛至精油、丁酸盐及其混合物。试验持续70天，泌乳期持续56天。在第55天和第70天，从每组中选取5头犊牛采集直肠粪便样本，进行16S rRNA扩增和测序。结果如下：（1）三种处理对犊牛肠道微生物群落多样性、群落均匀度和群落谱系多样性均无显著影响（P>0.05）。（2）在门水平上，粪便中检测到主要细菌的厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、螺旋体门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。（3）在属水平上，检测到相对丰度排名前十的物种为：……（此处原文未给出具体属名）。（4）LEfSe分析结果表明，对照组中差异显著的物种为……（此处原文未给出具体物种名）；精油组为……（此处原文未给出具体物种名）；丁酸钠组为……（此处原文未给出具体物种名）；混合组为……（此处原文未给出具体物种名）。（5）对犊牛肠道微生物的功能预测分析发现，在KEGG通路2上，精油显著改善了膜转运，丁酸钠抑制了脂质代谢并提高了机体抗病能力（P<0.05）。（6）各处理对犊牛肠道微生物结构的影响在停止处理后14天内未持续存在。综上所述，在犊牛饲喂的牛奶中添加牛至精油、丁酸盐及其混合物可调节微生物结构，建议牛至精油和丁酸盐分开使用，因为两者混合会增加犊牛腹泻率。
