University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Campus East-Westphalia, Ruhr-University Bochum; Psychotherapeutic practice, Bielefeld.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2024 Feb 9;121(3):86-91. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0246.
Eating disorders are seen mainly as a problem affecting women, not just by the public at large, but also in specialized circles. Although it is true that more women than men suffer from all types of eating disorder, pertinent reviews have clearly shown that they do indeed occur in men, and that the available evidence on the matter is limited. The stigmatization of men with eating disorders makes it harder for these men, and for the relevant professionals, to recognize the symptoms and to seek or provide help.
This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed on the epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of eating disorders in men.
Current estimated lifetime prevalences in men are 0.2% for anorexia nervosa, 0.6% for bulimia nervosa, and 1% for bingeeating disorder; the corresponding figures for women are 1.4%, 1.9%, and 2.8%. Men and women may display different manifestations. Women are thought to be mainly seeking a slim figure and weight reduction; men, a muscular build. The established Germanlanguage screening and diagnostic tools, however, do not cover the types of symptoms that are more common in men. Little is known about whether treatment yields comparable results in men and women.
It is important to combat the stigmati - zation of men with eating disorders and to remove the obstacles to their appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The current methods of screening and diagnosis need to be adapted to take account of the special aspects of abnormal eating behavior in men. It remains unclear whether and how the disorderspecific treatment of these conditions in men should differ from their treatment in women.
饮食失调主要被视为影响女性的问题，不仅是公众，甚至在专业领域也是如此。虽然确实患有各种饮食失调症的女性多于男性，但相关综述清楚地表明，男性也确实会患上这些疾病，而且关于这个问题的现有证据有限。对患有饮食失调症的男性的污名化使得这些男性以及相关专业人员更难识别症状并寻求或提供帮助。
本综述基于在 PubMed 上进行的选择性搜索，检索了有关男性饮食失调症的流行病学、诊断、临床和治疗方面的出版物。
目前估计男性的终身患病率为：神经性厌食症为 0.2%，神经性贪食症为 0.6%，暴食障碍为 1%；女性的相应患病率为 1.4%、1.9%和 2.8%。男性和女性可能表现出不同的症状。人们认为女性主要是为了追求苗条的身材和减轻体重；而男性则是为了肌肉发达。然而，已建立的德语筛查和诊断工具并未涵盖男性中更为常见的症状类型。关于男性和女性的治疗是否产生可比的结果知之甚少。
重要的是要消除对患有饮食失调症的男性的污名化，并消除他们获得适当诊断和治疗的障碍。目前的筛查和诊断方法需要进行调整，以考虑到男性异常饮食行为的特殊方面。目前还不清楚男性这些疾病的特定治疗是否以及如何与女性的治疗有所不同。
