Verma Chaitenya, Pawar Vishakha Anand, Srivastava Shivani, Tyagi Anuradha, Kaushik Gaurav, Shukla Surendra Kumar, Kumar Vinay
Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Nov 29;11(12):1783. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11121783.
Therapeutic vaccines are a promising alternative for active immunotherapy for different types of cancers. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to prevent immune system responses that are not targeted at the tumors only, but also boost the anti-tumor immunity and promote regression or eradication of the malignancy without, or with minimal, adverse events. Clinical trial data have pushed the development of cancer vaccines forward, and the US Food and Drug Administration authorized the first therapeutic cancer vaccine. In the present review, we discuss the various types of cancer vaccines and different approaches for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, along with the current state of knowledge and future prospects. We also discuss how tumor-induced immune suppression limits the effectiveness of therapeutic vaccinations, and strategies to overcome this barrier to design efficacious, long-lasting anti-tumor immune responses in the generation of vaccines.
治疗性疫苗是用于不同类型癌症主动免疫治疗的一种有前景的替代方法。治疗性癌症疫苗旨在防止免疫系统不仅针对肿瘤的反应，还能增强抗肿瘤免疫力，并在无或极少不良事件的情况下促进恶性肿瘤的消退或根除。临床试验数据推动了癌症疫苗的发展，美国食品药品监督管理局批准了首个治疗性癌症疫苗。在本综述中，我们讨论了各种类型的癌症疫苗以及治疗性癌症疫苗的不同研发方法，以及当前的知识状况和未来前景。我们还讨论了肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制如何限制治疗性疫苗接种的有效性，以及在疫苗研发过程中克服这一障碍以设计有效、持久的抗肿瘤免疫反应的策略。
