Governa M, Comai M, Valentino M, Antonicelli L, Rinaldi F, Pisani E
Br J Ind Med. 1987 Feb;44(2):83-9. doi: 10.1136/oem.44.2.83.
When considering rubber tyre manufacturing from an occupational health viewpoint, three areas may be identified in which exposure to respirable materials are potentially harmful: the processing, curing, and talc areas. A study of the ventilatory function of the entire work force employed in the processing area in a rubber tyre manufacturing plant was undertaken to determine whether an acute reduction in lung function occurs over the course of their working shift (the plant worked a three shift system) and whether a chronic exposure to the occupational airborne contaminants causes permanent changes in lung function. The ventilatory function was measured at the worksite at the beginning and immediately after the end of the workshift. No evidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found and in most cases no significant decline in FEV1 was observed. Only one of the 79 individuals showed a moderate obstruction, measured by the ratio FEV1/FVC which gave the value of 0.55, with no variation over the shift. For non-smokers, the FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75% were lower in those exposed for more than five years than in those exposed for five years or less. A similar pattern was also observed in the FVC and FEV1 of the smokers. None of these differences was statistically significant. Within each exposure group the pulmonary function of the smokers was lower than that of the non-smokers, but the only significant difference was found in the values of FEF25-75%. Only one man showed a decline in the FEV1/FVC ratio over the shift, but during each shift, a decrease in all the lung function tests was observed. The decrease was smallest during the first of the three shifts. These results are thought to support the hypothesis that there are acute adverse effects over an eight hour shift. Further investigations are needed to discover whether these acute changes in lung function result from a chemical stimulation or irritant receptors in the airways.
从职业健康的角度考虑橡胶轮胎制造时，可确定三个可能接触可吸入物质且具有潜在危害的区域：加工区、硫化区和滑石粉区。对一家橡胶轮胎制造工厂加工区的全体员工进行了通气功能研究，以确定他们在工作班次（该工厂实行三班制）期间肺功能是否会急剧下降，以及长期接触职业性空气传播污染物是否会导致肺功能发生永久性变化。在工作日开始时和结束后立即在工作现场测量通气功能。未发现慢性阻塞性肺疾病的证据，且在大多数情况下，第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）没有明显下降。79名个体中只有一人表现出中度阻塞，通过FEV1/FVC比值测量，该比值为0.55，且在整个班次中没有变化。对于不吸烟者，暴露超过五年的人群的用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV1和25%-75%用力呼气流量（FEF25-75%）低于暴露五年或更短时间的人群。吸烟者的FVC和FEV1也观察到类似模式。这些差异均无统计学意义。在每个暴露组中，吸烟者的肺功能低于不吸烟者，但仅在FEF25-75%的值上发现了显著差异。只有一名男性在整个班次中FEV1/FVC比值下降，但在每个班次期间，所有肺功能测试值均下降。在三个班次中的第一个班次下降最小。这些结果被认为支持了在八小时工作班次中有急性不良反应的假设。需要进一步调查以发现这些肺功能的急性变化是否由气道中的化学刺激或刺激感受器引起。
