Egner Tobias, Siqi-Liu Audrey
Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University.
Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, George Washington University.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2024 Feb;55. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2023.101342. Epub 2024 Jan 4.
Cognitive flexibility denotes the ability to disengage from a current task and shift one's focus to a different activity. An individual's level of flexibility is not fixed; rather, people adapt their readiness to switch tasks to changing circumstances. We here review recent studies in the task-switching literature that have produced new insights into the contextual factors that drive this adaptation of flexibility, as well as proposals regarding the underlying cognitive mechanisms and learning processes. A fast-growing literature suggests that there are several different means of learning the need for, and implementing, changes in one's level of flexibility. These, in turn, have distinct consequences for the degree to which adjustments in cognitive flexibility are transferrable to new stimuli and tasks.
认知灵活性指的是从当前任务中脱离出来并将注意力转移到不同活动上的能力。个体的灵活性水平并非固定不变；相反，人们会根据不断变化的环境来调整自己切换任务的准备状态。我们在此回顾任务切换文献中的近期研究，这些研究对驱动这种灵活性适应的情境因素产生了新的见解，同时也提出了关于潜在认知机制和学习过程的建议。快速增长的文献表明，有几种不同的方式来学习灵活性水平变化的必要性并加以实施。反过来，这些方式对于认知灵活性调整能够转移到新刺激和任务上的程度有着不同的影响。
