Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Lab Chip. 2024 Feb 27;24(5):1244-1265. doi: 10.1039/d3lc00874f.
Microfluidic devices began to be used to facilitate sweat and interstitial fluid (ISF) sensing in the mid-2010s. Since then, numerous prototypes involving microfluidics have been developed in different form factors for sensing biomarkers found in these fluids under , , and (on-body) settings. These devices transport and manipulate biofluids using microfluidic channels composed of silicone, polymer, paper, or fiber. Fluid flow transport and sample management can be achieved by controlling the flow rate, surface morphology of the channel, and rate of fluid evaporation. Although many devices have been developed for estimating sweat rate, electrolyte, and metabolite levels, only a handful have been able to proceed beyond laboratory testing and reach the stage of clinical trials and commercialization. To further this technology, this review reports on the utilization of microfluidics towards sweat and ISF management and transport. The review is distinguished from other recent reviews by focusing on microfluidic principles of sweat and ISF generation, transport, extraction, and management. Challenges and prospects are highlighted, with a discussion on how to transition such prototypes towards personalized healthcare monitoring systems.
微流控装置于 21 世纪 10 年代中期开始被用于促进汗液和细胞间液（ISF）的检测。此后，许多涉及微流控的原型设备在不同的外形因素下被开发出来，用于检测这些体液中的生物标志物，这些设备在 （体上）环境下进行检测。这些设备使用由硅酮、聚合物、纸张或纤维制成的微流道来输送和操纵生物流体。通过控制流速、通道表面形貌和流体蒸发速率，可以实现流体流动输送和样品管理。尽管已经开发出许多用于估计汗液速率、电解质和代谢物水平的设备，但只有少数设备能够超越实验室测试，进入临床试验和商业化阶段。为了进一步推动这项技术，本综述报告了微流控在汗液和 ISF 管理和输送方面的应用。本综述与其他最近的综述的区别在于，它侧重于微流控在汗液和 ISF 产生、输送、提取和管理方面的原理。本文强调了挑战和前景，并讨论了如何将这些原型设备转化为个性化医疗监测系统。
