Julianingsih Dita, Tung Chuan-Wei, Thapa Kanchan, Biswas Debabrata
Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Biological Sciences Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Dec 20;14(1):23. doi: 10.3390/ani14010023.
This study investigates the potential role of Cold-pressed Valencia Terpeneless citrus oil (CO), as a natural antimicrobial, in controlling causative agents of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid in floor materials for poultry farming, specifically wooden chips. The study addresses the issues that have arisen as a result of the reduction in antibiotic use in poultry farming, which has resulted in the re-emergence of bacterial diseases including salmonellosis. CO efficiently inhibits the growth of pathogens including various serovars of (SE), including SE serovar Gallinarum () and SE serovar Pullorum (), in a dose-dependent manner. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of CO showed potential for controlling diverse and isolates. Growth inhibition assays demonstrated that 0.4% (/) CO eliminated and from 24 h onwards, also impacting poultry gut microbiota and probiotic strains. Floor material simulation, specifically wooden chips treated with 0.4% CO, confirmed CO's effectiveness in preventing and growth on poultry house floors. This study also investigated the effect of CO on the expression of virulence genes in and . Specifically, the study revealed that the application of CO resulted in a downregulation trend in virulence genes, including , , , , and , in both and , implying that CO may alter the pathogenicity of these bacterial pathogens. Overall, this study reveals that CO has the potential to be used as a natural antimicrobial in the prevention and management of -related infections in chicken production, offering a viable alternative to control these re-emerging diseases.
本研究调查了冷榨无萜巴伦西亚柑橘油（CO）作为一种天然抗菌剂，在控制家禽养殖垫料（特别是木片）中鸡白痢和禽伤寒病原体方面的潜在作用。该研究解决了家禽养殖中抗生素使用减少所引发的问题，抗生素使用减少导致包括沙门氏菌病在内的细菌性疾病再度出现。CO能以剂量依赖的方式有效抑制包括各种血清型的沙门氏菌（SE），如鸡沙门氏菌血清型（）和鸡白痢沙门氏菌血清型（）等病原体的生长。CO的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）显示出控制多种和分离株的潜力。生长抑制试验表明，0.4%（/）的CO从24小时起就能消除和，同时也会影响家禽肠道微生物群和益生菌菌株。垫料模拟试验，特别是用0.4%CO处理的木片，证实了CO在防止家禽舍地面上和生长方面的有效性。本研究还调查了CO对和中毒力基因表达的影响。具体而言，研究发现CO的应用导致和中毒力基因（包括、、、和）表达呈下调趋势，这意味着CO可能会改变这些细菌病原体的致病性。总体而言，本研究表明CO有潜力作为一种天然抗菌剂用于预防和管理鸡肉生产中与相关的感染，为控制这些再度出现的疾病提供了一种可行的替代方法。
