John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96826, USA.
Nutrients. 2023 Dec 22;16(1):47. doi: 10.3390/nu16010047.
Understanding how maternal diet affects in utero neonatal gut microbiota and epigenetic regulation may provide insight into disease origins and long-term health. The impact of Mediterranean diet pattern adherence (MDA) on fetal gut microbiome and epigenetic regulation was assessed in 33 pregnant women. Participants completed a validated food frequency questionnaire in each trimester of pregnancy; the alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED) score was applied. Umbilical cord blood, placental tissue, and neonatal meconium were collected from offspring. DNA methylation patterns were probed using the Illumnia EPICarray Methylation Chip in parturients with high versus low MDA. Meconium microbial abundance in the first 24 h after birth was identified using 16s rRNA sequencing and compared among neonates born to mothers with high and low aMED scores. Twenty-one mothers were classified as low MDA and 12 as high MDA. and trended towards greater abundance in the high-MDA group, as well as other short-chain fatty acid-producing species. Several differentially methylated regions varied between groups and overlapped gene regions including NCK2, SNED1, MTERF4, TNXB, HLA-DPB, BAG6, and LMO3. We identified a beneficial effect of adherence to a Mediterranean diet on fetal in utero development. This highlights the importance of dietary counseling for mothers and can be used as a guide for future studies of meconium and immuno-epigenetic modulation.
了解母体饮食如何影响宫内新生儿肠道微生物群和表观遗传调控，可能有助于深入了解疾病的起源和长期健康问题。本研究评估了地中海饮食模式依从度（MDA）对 33 名孕妇胎儿肠道微生物群和表观遗传调控的影响。参与者在妊娠的每个三个月都完成了一份经过验证的食物频率问卷；应用交替地中海饮食（aMED）评分。从后代中采集脐带血、胎盘组织和新生儿胎粪。在 MDA 高与低的产妇中，使用 Illumnia EPICarray 甲基化芯片检测 DNA 甲基化模式。在出生后 24 小时内，通过 16s rRNA 测序鉴定胎粪中微生物的丰度，并比较 MDA 高与低评分产妇所生新生儿之间的差异。21 名母亲被归类为 MDA 低，12 名母亲被归类为 MDA 高。在 MDA 高组中，某些短链脂肪酸产生菌的丰度呈增加趋势，以及其他短链脂肪酸产生菌。有几个差异甲基化区域在组间存在差异，并且重叠基因区域包括 NCK2、SNED1、MTERF4、TNXB、HLA-DPB、BAG6 和 LMO3。我们发现，遵循地中海饮食对胎儿宫内发育有有益影响。这凸显了对母亲进行饮食咨询的重要性，并可作为未来胎粪和免疫表观遗传调控研究的指南。
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