Moreno-Díaz María Isabel, Vaquero-Solís Miguel, Tapia-Serrano Miguel Ángel, Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio
Department of Didactics of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Teacher Training, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22002 Huesca, Spain.
Children (Basel). 2024 Jan 10;11(1):83. doi: 10.3390/children11010083.
In recent years, physical activity levels among youths have declined significantly. This has led to a decline in adherence to physical activity recommendations. In this sense, physical education offers an ideal environment that contributes positively to improving adherence to physical activity recommendations, as it teaches students movement-related skills and knowledge. The objective of the present research was to investigate the relationship between physical activity levels, body composition, fitness in Physical Education, and body dissatisfaction levels, and to analyse sex differences in relation to the study variables. The sample was formed of 1166 participants from the 1st and 2nd secondary compulsory education, of which 642 were boys (age 13.16 ± 0.91), and 524 girls (age 13.08 ± 0.85). The measure of physical activity was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Body composition was assessed using weight and height to calculate their body mass index. Cardiorespiratory capacity was assessed using the Course-Navette test in Physical Education lessons. The results showed the relationship between physical activity and body mass index, cardiorespiratory capacity, and body satisfaction. It was also confirmed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with a lower body mass index, improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower levels of body dissatisfaction to a greater extent in boys than in girls. The study concludes that improvements in the study variables were associated with increased physical activity. In addition, it seems necessary to promote healthy lifestyles in physical education lessons, especially during adolescence, as they could serve as a gateway for the improvement of health-related fitness in future generations. Increasing the amount of physical activity among young people is vital. Therefore, it would be essential to develop intervention programs in physical education classes, especially during adolescence, aimed at promoting and increasing physical activity and its benefits.
近年来，青少年的身体活动水平显著下降。这导致了对身体活动建议的依从性降低。从这个意义上说，体育教育提供了一个理想的环境，对提高对身体活动建议的依从性有积极贡献，因为它教授学生与运动相关的技能和知识。本研究的目的是调查身体活动水平、身体成分、体育教育中的体能与身体不满意程度之间的关系，并分析研究变量的性别差异。样本由1166名来自义务中等教育初一和初二的参与者组成，其中642名是男孩（年龄13.16±0.91岁），524名是女孩（年龄13.08±0.85岁）。身体活动的测量采用青少年身体活动问卷（PAQ-A）。使用体重和身高来计算身体质量指数，以此评估身体成分。在体育课上通过往返跑测试评估心肺功能。结果显示了身体活动与身体质量指数、心肺功能和身体满意度之间的关系。还证实，较高水平的身体活动与较低的身体质量指数、心肺健康状况的改善以及较低程度的身体不满意相关，在男孩中比在女孩中更为明显。该研究得出结论，研究变量的改善与身体活动增加有关。此外，似乎有必要在体育课上推广健康的生活方式，尤其是在青春期，因为它们可以成为改善后代健康相关体能的途径。增加年轻人的身体活动量至关重要。因此，在体育课上，尤其是在青春期，制定旨在促进和增加身体活动及其益处的干预计划至关重要。
