从童年、青少年到成年的体能水平追踪：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。
Tracking of physical fitness levels from childhood and adolescence to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者信息
García-Hermoso Antonio, Izquierdo Mikel, Ramírez-Vélez Robinson
机构信息
Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
出版信息
Transl Pediatr. 2022 Apr;11(4):474-486. doi: 10.21037/tp-21-507.
BACKGROUND
Prospective and large studies indicate that high physical fitness levels during young are beneficial for health during adulthood. The aim of the study was to investigate the tracking of physical fitness components from childhood and/or adolescence to adulthood.
METHODS
Two authors systematically searched MEDLINE and Web of Science electronic databases for relevant articles. Studies with apparently healthy youth aged 6-18 years who track their physical fitness to adulthood were included. Our study carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Correlation coefficients (r) were used as effect size. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect size. Correlation coefficients were interpreted as follows: <0.30 low stability, 0.30 to 0.60 moderate stability, and >0.60 high stability. Risk of bias of each study was determined by The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies.
RESULTS
Twenty-one prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis (n=6,197 participants at follow-up, 47.4% women). The mean length of follow-up was 20.8 years. Overall, cardiorespiratory fitness (r=0.38; 95% CI: 0.29-0.48; I=92.7%), muscular strength (r=0.51; 95% CI: 0.43-0.59; I=87.9%), and muscular endurance (r=0.50; 95% CI: 0.36-0.86; I=94.5%) show moderate tracking from childhood and/or adolescence to adulthood, independent of test used and length of follow-up. This moderate tracking was slightly stronger in women than in men and from adolescence compared to childhood. Trunk flexibility component, assessed with the sit and reach test, exhibits high stability (r=0.69; 95% CI: 0.58-0.81; I=92.9%). Interestingly, meta-regression analysis shows positive association between correlation coefficient for flexibility and the length of follow-up (β =0.017; 95% CI: 0.012-0.021).
DISCUSSION
Although the current study found inconsistency between results, the findings suggest that acquiring high physical fitness levels should be targeted already from childhood and adolescence given that low levels of fitness in adulthood are related with several chronic diseases and mortality.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registration number CRD42021279143.
背景
前瞻性大型研究表明，年轻时较高的身体素质水平对成年后的健康有益。本研究的目的是调查从儿童期和/或青春期到成年期身体素质各组成部分的追踪情况。
方法
两位作者系统检索了MEDLINE和Web of Science电子数据库中的相关文章。纳入了对6至18岁明显健康的青少年追踪其身体素质至成年期的研究。我们的研究按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）进行。相关系数（r）用作效应量。采用随机效应模型估计合并效应量。相关系数的解释如下：<0.30为低稳定性，0.30至0.60为中等稳定性，>0.60为高稳定性。每项研究的偏倚风险由观察性队列研究和横断面研究的质量评估工具确定。
结果
荟萃分析纳入了21项前瞻性研究（随访时n = 6197名参与者，47.4%为女性）。平均随访时间为20.8年。总体而言，心肺适能（r = 0.38；95%CI：0.29 - 0.48；I² = 92.7%）、肌肉力量（r = 0.51；95%CI：0.43 - 0.59；I² = 87.9%）和肌肉耐力（r = 0.50；95%CI：0.36 - 0.86；I² = 94.5%）从儿童期和/或青春期到成年期呈现中等程度的追踪，与所使用的测试和随访时间无关。这种中等程度的追踪在女性中略强于男性，且从青春期相比儿童期更强。用坐位体前屈测试评估的躯干柔韧性组成部分表现出高稳定性（r = 0.69；95%CI：0.58 - 0.81；I² = 92.9%）。有趣的是，Meta回归分析显示柔韧性的相关系数与随访时间之间呈正相关（β = 0.017；95%CI：0.012 - 0.021）。
讨论
尽管当前研究发现结果存在不一致性，但研究结果表明，鉴于成年期低身体素质水平与多种慢性疾病和死亡率相关，应从儿童期和青春期就开始致力于获得较高的身体素质水平。
试验注册
注册号CRD42021279143。
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