Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, 1646 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea, 34054, Republic of Korea.
Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Jan 23;23(1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02007-1.
Lipid disorders are a potent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the intake of dietary fatty acids has been closely related to blood lipid levels. Therefore, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between dietary patterns related to fatty acid intake and lipid disorders in Korean adults.
From the 2013-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys data, 8399 men and 11404 women (aged ≥ 19 years) were selected. Reduced rank regression was employed to identify dietary patterns from 26 food groups, aiming to explain the maximum variation in the intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3 fatty acids, and the PUFA/SFA ratio. Associations of quintiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores with lipid disorders were examined using multiple logistic regression stratified by sex.
Three dietary patterns were identified: dietary pattern 1 showed positive factor loadings for vegetable oils, seasonings, legumes, nuts, and fish; dietary pattern 2 was high in consumption of red meat, bread and snacks, and milk and dairy products; and dietary pattern 3 was rich in fish and milk and dairy products. In men, dietary pattern 3 was inversely associated with elevated triglycerides (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratio [OR] = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69-0.97, P-trend = 0.008). In women, dietary pattern 2 was positively associated with elevated total cholesterol (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.12-1.52, P-trend < 0.001) but inversely associated with low HDL-cholesterol (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59-0.83, P-trend < 0.001).
In this study, dietary patterns explaining the intake of various types of fatty acids were differentially associated with lipid disorders in Korean adults. Dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of red meat, bread and snacks and milk and dairy products were positively associated with elevated total cholesterol, whereas dietary pattern rich in fish consumption showed an inverse association with elevated triglycerides. These findings could be instrumental in developing dietary guidelines and strategies for preventing and managing lipid disorders in this population.
脂质紊乱是心血管疾病的一个重要危险因素。此外，饮食中脂肪酸的摄入与血脂水平密切相关。因此，这项横断面研究调查了与脂肪酸摄入相关的饮食模式与韩国成年人脂质紊乱之间的关系。
本研究使用 2013-2019 年韩国国家健康与营养调查的数据，选择了 8399 名男性和 11404 名女性（年龄≥19 岁）。采用降秩回归从 26 种食物组中识别饮食模式，旨在解释饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、ω-3 脂肪酸和 PUFA/SFA 比值摄入的最大变化。采用多因素 logistic 回归分析，按性别分层，比较饮食模式评分五分位（Q）与脂质紊乱的关系。
共识别出 3 种饮食模式：饮食模式 1 对植物油、调味料、豆类、坚果和鱼类有正因子负荷；饮食模式 2 摄入红肉类、面包和零食以及牛奶和乳制品较多；饮食模式 3 富含鱼类和牛奶及乳制品。在男性中，饮食模式 3 与甘油三酯升高呈负相关（Q5 与 Q1：比值比[OR] = 0.82，95%置信区间[CI] = 0.69-0.97，P 趋势= 0.008）。在女性中，饮食模式 2 与总胆固醇升高呈正相关（OR = 1.31，95%CI = 1.12-1.52，P 趋势<0.001），但与低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关（OR = 0.70，95%CI = 0.59-0.83，P 趋势<0.001）。
在这项研究中，解释各种类型脂肪酸摄入的饮食模式与韩国成年人的脂质紊乱存在差异相关性。以较高的红肉类、面包和零食以及牛奶和乳制品摄入量为特征的饮食模式与总胆固醇升高呈正相关，而富含鱼类摄入的饮食模式与甘油三酯升高呈负相关。这些发现可能有助于为该人群制定预防和管理脂质紊乱的饮食指南和策略。
