Venås Gizem Ateş, Stølen Martin Fodstad, Kyrkjebø Erik
Department of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Førde, Norway.
Front Robot AI. 2024 Jan 12;10:1290104. doi: 10.3389/frobt.2023.1290104. eCollection 2023.
Human-robot cooperation (HRC) is becoming increasingly relevant with the surge in collaborative robots (cobots) for industrial applications. Examples of humans and robots cooperating actively on the same workpiece can be found in research labs around the world, but industrial applications are still mostly limited to robots and humans taking turns. In this paper, we use a cooperative lifting task (co-lift) as a case study to explore how well this task can be learned within a limited time, and how background factors of users may impact learning. The experimental study included 32 healthy adults from 20 to 54 years who performed a co-lift with a collaborative robot. The physical setup is designed as a gamified user training system as research has validated that gamification is an effective methodology for user training. Human motions and gestures were measured using Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors and used to interact with the robot across three role distributions: human as the leader, robot as the leader, and shared leadership. We find that regardless of age, gender, job category, gaming background, and familiarity with robots, the learning curve of all users showed a satisfactory progression and that all users could achieve successful cooperation with the robot on the co-lift task after seven or fewer trials. The data indicates that some of the background factors of the users such as occupation, past gaming habits, , may affect learning outcomes, which will be explored further in future experiments. Overall, the results indicate that the potential of the adoption of HRC in the industry is promising for a diverse set of users after a relatively short training process.
随着用于工业应用的协作机器人(cobots)的激增,人机协作(HRC)变得越来越重要。在世界各地的研究实验室中,可以找到人类和机器人在同一工件上积极协作的例子,但工业应用仍然大多局限于机器人和人类轮流作业。在本文中,我们以协同提升任务(co-lift)为例,探讨在有限时间内该任务的学习效果如何,以及用户的背景因素可能如何影响学习。实验研究包括32名年龄在20至54岁之间的健康成年人,他们与一台协作机器人进行了协同提升任务。物理设置被设计成一个游戏化的用户培训系统,因为研究已经证实游戏化是一种有效的用户培训方法。使用惯性测量单元(IMU)传感器测量人类的动作和手势,并用于在三种角色分配下与机器人进行交互:人类作为领导者、机器人作为领导者以及共享领导权。我们发现,无论年龄、性别、工作类别、游戏背景以及对机器人的熟悉程度如何,所有用户的学习曲线都呈现出令人满意的进展,并且所有用户在七次或更少的试验后都能在协同提升任务中与机器人成功合作。数据表明,用户的一些背景因素,如职业、过去的游戏习惯等,可能会影响学习成果,这将在未来的实验中进一步探讨。总体而言,结果表明,经过相对较短的培训过程后,HRC在工业中的应用潜力对于各种各样的用户来说是有前景的。
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