Pakhare Mahesh, Anjankar Ashish
Medical Education, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Pathology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Jan 4;16(1):e51681. doi: 10.7759/cureus.51681. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Scientific literature has investigated and well-documented the complex relationship between obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Obese people are much more likely to have atrial fibrillation, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and coronary artery disease, among other cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, obesity poses a severe risk for diseases like hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerotic heart diseases, affecting various aspects relating to their underlying mechanisms, diagnosis, and clinical effects. This article summarizes recent developments in our understanding of and response to obesity. Pharmacotherapy, gut microbiome research, bariatric surgery, digital health solutions, behavioral interventions, and precision medicine are just a few of the fields in which these developments have been made. While liposuction offers a less invasive option for redistributing volume and getting positive results, bariatric surgery remains the most effective treatment for severe obesity. Emphasis is placed on the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the complex interactions between obesity and a number of diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. The significance of lifestyle changes in reducing the cardiovascular risks associated with obesity, such as atrial fibrillation and heart disease, is emphasized. To improve overall cardiovascular health and achieve better clinical outcomes, obesity must be promptly identified and actively managed. Investigations into how the gut microbiome affects obesity, the creation of novel pharmacological treatments for appetite suppression and metabolic enhancement, improvements in bariatric surgery methods that emphasize patient success and safety, as well as creative digital health solutions and behavioral treatments, are some examples of emerging research fields. In addition, precision medicine approaches, including the modulation of the gut microbiome through dietary changes and supplements, hold great promise in combating obesity and its associated comorbidities and have the potential to revolutionize the management of obesity by tailoring treatments to the specific needs of individual patients.
科学文献已经对肥胖与心血管疾病之间的复杂关系进行了研究并充分记录。肥胖者更有可能患心房颤动、血脂异常、糖尿病和冠状动脉疾病等心血管疾病。此外,肥胖对高血压、心力衰竭和动脉粥样硬化性心脏病等疾病构成严重风险,影响其潜在机制、诊断和临床效果等各个方面。本文总结了我们对肥胖的认识和应对方面的最新进展。药物治疗、肠道微生物群研究、减肥手术、数字健康解决方案、行为干预和精准医学只是取得这些进展的几个领域。虽然抽脂术为重新分配身体脂肪量并取得积极效果提供了侵入性较小的选择,但减肥手术仍然是治疗重度肥胖最有效的方法。重点关注肥胖与多种疾病(如心房颤动、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常和冠状动脉疾病)之间复杂相互作用的病理生理机制。强调生活方式改变在降低与肥胖相关的心血管风险(如心房颤动和心脏病)方面的重要性。为了改善整体心血管健康并取得更好的临床效果,必须及时识别并积极管理肥胖问题。对肠道微生物群如何影响肥胖的研究、开发新型抑制食欲和增强代谢的药物治疗方法、改进强调患者成功率和安全性的减肥手术方法,以及创新的数字健康解决方案和行为治疗方法,都是新兴研究领域的一些例子。此外,精准医学方法,包括通过饮食改变和补充剂调节肠道微生物群,在对抗肥胖及其相关合并症方面具有巨大潜力,并且有可能通过根据个体患者的特定需求定制治疗方法来彻底改变肥胖的管理方式。