Department of Specialized Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Independent Public Voivodship Hospital, ul. Arkońska 4, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland.
Nutrients. 2024 Sep 13;16(18):3091. doi: 10.3390/nu16183091.
Adherence to dietary recommendations and the implementation of appropriate dietary habits after myocardial infarction (MI) can significantly improve health and reduce mortality from cardiac causes. The aim of this study was to analyse the adherence of patients with a history of MI to a healthy diet, which is one of the primary methods of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Following a proper diet involves limiting the consumption of saturated fats, salt, alcohol, and simple sugars. It is recommended to follow the Mediterranean diet, which is based on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fish. This study involved 120 patients hospitalised in the Invasive Cardiology and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at the Independent Public Voivodship Hospital in Szczecin from August to December 2019. A self-designed questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour (QEB) were used. The majority of respondents were hospitalised for a first-time MI (88.33%), and 65% of them reported adherence to the recommendations. The vast majority (78.33%) considered their diet good, with 50.83% of the respondents eating four meals a day and never eating fast food (49.17%). The analysis showed that although the respondents' diets did not contain many unhealthy foods, they did not consume enough vegetables, fruits, fish, nuts, or fibre, which have a protective effect, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and death. Furthermore, patients with a better education had a higher level of knowledge. Respondents' knowledge of proper post-MI nutrition was sufficient, and their index of unhealthy diets was low, but they still made dietary mistakes and did not consume enough health-protective foods. These results indicate a need for further education.
坚持饮食建议并养成适当的饮食习惯对于心肌梗死（MI）后的健康恢复和降低心血管疾病死亡率具有重要意义。本研究旨在分析心肌梗死后患者对健康饮食的依从性，这是心血管疾病（CVD）预防的主要方法之一。适当的饮食包括限制饱和脂肪、盐、酒精和简单糖的摄入。建议遵循地中海饮食，该饮食以全谷物、水果、蔬菜和鱼类为基础。
本研究纳入了 2019 年 8 月至 12 月在什切青独立省级医院介入心脏病学和心脏重症监护病房住院的 120 名患者。使用了自行设计的问卷和饮食行为问卷（QEB）。大多数患者因首次心肌梗死住院（88.33%），其中 65%的患者报告了对建议的依从性。绝大多数（78.33%）认为自己的饮食良好，其中 50.83%的患者每天吃四餐，从不吃快餐（49.17%）。
分析表明，尽管患者的饮食中没有很多不健康的食物，但他们没有摄入足够的蔬菜、水果、鱼、坚果或纤维，这些食物具有保护作用，可以降低心血管疾病和死亡的风险。此外，受教育程度较高的患者具有更高的知识水平。患者对心肌梗死后适当营养的知识足够，但他们的不健康饮食指数较低，但仍存在饮食错误，并且没有摄入足够的具有健康保护作用的食物。这些结果表明需要进一步教育。
