Di Zazzo Antonio, Giannaccare Giuseppe, Villani Edoardo, Barabino Stefano
Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy.
Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jan 25;13(3):710. doi: 10.3390/jcm13030710.
Blepharitis is a common chronic inflammatory condition affecting the eyelid margins; the pathophysiology of blepharitis is complex and not fully understood. The disease is anatomically divided into anterior (inflammation of eyelashes) and posterior (meibomian gland dysfunction) types. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination, revealing characteristic features like scurf, vascular changes, and meibomian gland dysfunction. The main goals of blepharitis treatment are symptom relief, recurrence prevention, and complication risk minimization. Treatment options include lid hygiene, topical and systemic antibiotics, topical corticosteroids, and omega-3 supplements. However, it is important to highlight reported cases of blepharitis as side effects of systemic therapies, particularly in the context of chemotherapy, bortezomib, cetuximab, TNFα inhibitors, and dupilumab. It is crucial to monitor patients undergoing such treatments regularly and attentively in order to promptly set up adequate supportive therapy. Of even more importance is future research on the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of these ocular side effects in order to find a nosological cure for the issue.
睑缘炎是一种常见的影响眼睑边缘的慢性炎症性疾病；睑缘炎的病理生理学很复杂，尚未完全了解。该疾病在解剖学上分为前部（睫毛炎症）和后部（睑板腺功能障碍）类型。诊断依赖于临床检查，可发现鳞屑、血管变化和睑板腺功能障碍等特征性表现。睑缘炎治疗的主要目标是缓解症状、预防复发和将并发症风险降至最低。治疗选择包括眼睑清洁、局部和全身使用抗生素、局部使用皮质类固醇以及补充ω-3脂肪酸。然而，必须强调有报道称睑缘炎是全身治疗的副作用，特别是在化疗、硼替佐米、西妥昔单抗、肿瘤坏死因子α抑制剂和度普利尤单抗治疗的情况下。对接受此类治疗的患者进行定期且仔细的监测至关重要，以便及时开展适当的支持性治疗。更为重要的是，未来要对导致这些眼部副作用发生的病理生理机制进行研究，以便找到针对该问题的病因学治疗方法。
